Since the first discovery of exoplanets in the 1990s, the techniques for exoplanet detection have experienced a rapid development. To date, over 5 500 exoplanets have been detected, including various types such as terrestrial planets, super-Earths, gas giants and ice giants. These discoveries have profoundly expanded our understanding of the universe, providing invaluable observational data for comprehending planetary formation and evolution, and offering crucial clues in the search for habitable planets and extraterrestrial life. This paper aims to compare and analyze the technical characteristics of different detection methods by introducing the various core technologies employed in exoplanet detection, including their principles and application characteristics. Furthermore, by analyzing the advantages and limitations of each detection technique, this paper provides practical references and insights of future trends for exoplanets' measurement and survey.

Amorphous alloys (AA) have attracted more and more attention in the field of motors due to their excellent low loss characteristics. This paper reviews the research progress of AA motors. Firstly, the advantages of AA motors compared with traditional motors are introduced, and the common processing technology of AA cores and the development and application of AA motors are expounded. Secondly, the research status of key technologies of AA motors is summarized, including the accurate calculation of core loss and the temperature rise of AA motors when considering processing techniques and assembly process, the accurate calculation of vibration and noise of AA motors with radial and axial flux, and the design optimization and novel application of AA motor. Finally, the future development trend and research direction of AA motors are prospected.

This paper focuses on the scientific and technological achievements of China-Japan Welfare Robots Research Center of Shenyang University of Technology, including the clarification of certain conceptual misunderstandings in the field of welfare robots, and the importance of basic research and technological bottlenecks in the promotion and applications of welfare robots. Firstly, a concise definition of welfare robots is proposed, and the essential difference between welfare robots and industrial robots is clarified from the perspective of system composition. Secondly, taking the independently developed functional rehabilitation robots, the assistive living robots for the partially disabled and the nursing care robots for the totally disabled as examples, the authors discuss their social background, basic research concepts, specific research contents and difficulties, innovative achievements, as well as the challenging issues under investigation. Finally, the research and development opportunities, personnel needs, market scale and employment perspectives in the emerging field of welfare robots are forecasted.

In recent years, problems such as environmental protection, energy crises and greenhouse effect have urged the rapid development of electric vehicles (EVs). As a key component of EVs, the motor directly affects the performance of electric driving system of EVs. With the continuous development of electric driving system towards to the direction of permanent magnetization, high speed and integration, the driving motor faces many challenges in such aspects as structure design, cooling and heat dissipation. The types, typical topological structures and application cases of current driving motors are summarized, and the coresponding advantages and disadvantages of different driving motors are analyzed. In addition, this paper reviews the research status of driving motors from the aspects of thermal analysis and cooling structure design, the technical problems of driving motors that need to be solved are summerized, and the future development direction is pointed out. This paper can provide certain references for the theoretical research and engineering applications of driving motors used for EVs.

C₄F₇N mixed gas, as a potential substitute for SF₆, has received much attention in the field of electrical energy equipment in recent years. This review presents an overview of the environmental protection alternative technology routes and current development status for SF₆. It summarizes the advancements in the measurement of discharge parameters and the simulation studies of streamer discharge for C₄F₇N mixed gases. The analysis includes the characteristics of air gaps, surface insulation and partial discharge. The review dissects the arc-quenching performance, the characteristics of post-discharge decomposition products and the compatibility with solid materials of C₄F₇N mixed gases, while outlining the application scenarios. The review concludes by identifying the existing challenges in substituting SF₆ with C₄F₇N mixed gases and proposes key areas that require further research and attention in the future.

In order to design a set of high-precision, portable, reliable and highly secure current zero measurement system, which is crucially important for assessing breaking capacity of high voltage circuit breaker (HVCB) and improving HVCB's design, researchers from China and abroad have made many innovations in the development of measurement methods and measurement devices. Therefore, starting from the analysis of arc extinguishing principle of HVCB, this paper analyzes the difficulties and key points of current zero measurement systems, summarizes the measurement schemes proposed by domestic and foreign researchers and their effects. Considering the multi-dimensional needs from industry, a portable current zero measurement system with excellent dynamic characteristics was developed. This system has been validated through experiments on actual circuit breaker products. The results demonstrate that the system has good performance on anti-interference and repeatability and meets the needs of product development. Based on the research and usage experience of current zero measurement system, this paper forecasts the future prospect for current zero measurement system to give some reference for the research and development of AC/DC switches.

Power sensors serve as critical infrastructure for the energy Internet, their continuous and stable power supply is a prerequisite for efficient operation. However, traditional power supply methods have many limitations. This paper summarizes energy harvesting technologies for new power sensors, including vibration energy harvesting, thermoelectric energy harvesting, photovoltaic energy harvesting and electromagnetic energy harvesting. These technologies utilize distributed renewable energy sources in the environment and provide power to sensors through different conversion mechanisms, potentially solving the power supply problems for them. The current application status of various energy harvesting technologies is described, and the key technical challenges confronted are analyzed, such as low energy conversion efficiency, stringent operating conditions and the need for device with improved reliability and integration. Finally, the innovative directions of future energy harvesting technologies are discussed, including the development of new high-performance materials, optimization of device structure design and hybrid energy harvesting techniques, aiming to achieve higher energy utilization efficiency to meet the actual needs of new power sensors and promote technological innovation in the areas such as smart grids.

Building the new power system with new energies as the main body, accelerating the clean substitution of energy production side and the replacement of energy consumption side are the key measures for the transformation of China's energy system and realizing the goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. Based on the development process of power and energy system, the main characteristics and technical path of the construction of new power system are analyzed. By sorting out the historical development from smart grid to new power system, the main characteristics of the development of new power system with the keywords of integration, interaction, openness and consumption are summarized. Then, focused on the development situation of energy-information-society integration, generation-grid-load-storage synergistic interaction, open sharing of energy market and high proportion of safe consumption of new energy systems, this paper aims at the main technical direction and realization path of the transformation of China's power and energy system to a safe, efficient, clean and low-carbon energy system, in order to provide reference for the high standard of China's new power system construction.

Developing the electric vehicle to promote energy conservation and environmental protection is an important method to realize the goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. The advancement of semiconductor and permanent magnet research has made it challenging for drive motors to achieve higher efficiency by structural optimization. However, with the development of multi-disciplinary integration and multi-industry coordination, the application of new soft magnetic materials will be an important way to drive the innovation of motors. Aiming to meet the performance requirements of soft magnetic materials for drive motors, four soft magnetic materials with great potential for application in motors are introduced and analyzed, including grain-oriented silicon steel, ultra-thin non-oriented silicon steel, high-strength silicon steel and amorphous alloy. With respect to the demand for soft magnetic materials by the development of drive motors, the development and application trends of soft magnetic materials for new energy vehicle motors are summarized.

Full ceramic ball bearings have excellent properties such as light weight, wear resistance, high(low) temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and good accuracy retention, and have broad application prospects in equipment manufacturing, aerospace and other advanced technology fields. The high-performance manufacturing technology system of full ceramic ball bearings has not yet been formed, which seriously restricts its application and development in high-end equipment and has also become a technical problem for the further expansion of the application field of full ceramic ball bearings. Based on the industry's demand for high-end bearing products, this paper analyzes the characteristics and advantages of full ceramic ball bearings, discusses the design methods applicable to these products, summarizes the high-performance manufacturing processes of key components such as ceramic balls and ceramic rings, evaluates the service performance and test technology of full ceramic ball bearings, and forecasts the related technologies and applications.

Progressive cavity pumps for oil extraction exhibit outstanding advantages in the extraction of high viscosity, high sand content crude oil. The working principle and environment of pumps determine the service life of the rubber stator, which is the core component and pivotal to this equipment. Enhancing the wearing and swelling resistance of stator rubber material of the progressive cavity pump is of great significance. This paper first introduces the core components and the oil extraction principle of progressive cavity pumps. Secondly, focusing on the practical requirements for the stator rubber in progressive cavity pumps, the primary research findings of domestic and international scholars regarding key properties like aging, swelling and friction of stator rubber materials are reviewed. Furthermore, with reference to the emerging multiscale methods for material research in recent years, this paper provides an overview of concepts, principles, methodologies and their applications in mechanics and tribological properties of stator rubber. Finally, the prospects of future methods and research approaches aimed at continuously enhancing the wearing and swelling resistance of stator rubber in progressive cavity pumps for the extraction of crude oil are outlooked.

Laser directed energy deposition (LDED) technology, as a cutting-edge additive manufacturing technique, has demonstrated significant advantages in the fields of material processing and product manufacturing. This paper reviews the development history, fundamental principles, technical characteristics, and current applications of LDED technology across various industrial sectors. LDED technology can effectively enhance material utilization rates, reduce manufacturing cycles, and enable the direct fabrication of complex components, particularly in industries such as aerospace, automobile manufacturing and healthcare. Through simulation analysis, online monitoring and closed-loop control strategies, LDED technology has further improved the precision of part formation and product quality. With technological maturation and optimization, LDED technology is expected to play a more significant role in reducing costs, enhancing performance, and promoting the green transformation of manufacturing industry.

The mismatch between gas supply and demand of reciprocating compressor is the main cause of high energy consumption. The stepless capacity regulation technology for suction valve is an effective means to solve this problem. Its implementation methods include linear mesh partial-stroke pressing-off regulation system and rotary cup-shaped fully controllable regulation system. The linear mesh partial-stroke pressing-off system can realize the precise and continuous regulation of the compressed capacity. The essence is hydraulic transmission control, which has the defects of small flow area, large resistance loss, serious impact, complex execution system and more fault points. Rotary cup-shaped fully controllable regulation system is a new type of stepless capacity regulation technology. Its essence is mechatronics and its principle is to accurately regulate the cup valve through the servo motor. It has the advantages of large flow area, small resistance loss, no friction when opening the valve, small friction stroke when closing the valve, and no impact of moving parts. In this paper, the theory, structure, control system and energy efficiency of the two regulation systems are comprehensively reviewed. It is proposed that the rotary cup controllable regulation system is the future development direction, and further research should be carried out for the theoretical research, structure optimization, material development and intelligent system development of the rotary cup controllable regulation system.

With the development of digital technology, the industrial internet of things (IIoT) has brought manufacturing into the era of intelligent manufacturing with high efficiency, high reliability and low-cost. In recent years, as one of novel manufacturing methods, additive manufacturing has demonstrated broad application prospects in such fields of aerospace, process industries, mold manufacturing and automotive manufacturing. During the additive manufacturing process, high-performance computing and analytical processing based on big data are particularly crucial for balancing “quality, efficiency and cost”. Focused on digital intelligent manufacturing, this paper performs an in-depth analysis on cloud platform principles, industrial software system of additive manufacturing, and addresses the challenges and potentials of digital additive manufacturing.

A digital twin framework for complex equipment operation and maintenance systems, combined with deep learning technology, was proposed to address the urgent need for intelligent transformation in current complex equipment operation and maintenance systems. This article first established a digital twin theory and application framework for complex equipment operation and maintenance systems based on deep learning. At the theoretical level, a multi-level digital twin framework for operation and maintenance systems was constructed by combining deep learning. At the application level, a digital twin application framework for the entire life cycle of operation and maintenance system was constructed according to the parallel driving form of knowledge-data-model. From the data perspective, an application form combining the theoretical framework with the NST model was proposed and validated through experiments. The experimental results indicate that the NST model has better prediction performance for non-stationary time series data of high-speed trains.

Pipeline detection technology is one of the most effective methods for internal inspection of long-distance oil and gas pipelines. Pipeline detection technology is an important means for defect detection, evaluation and integrity evaluation of long-distance oil and gas pipelines. With the rapid development of China's energy industry, pipelines become the most effective carrier of energy transportation. Thus, pipeline detection technology faces to new challenges and a variety of new detection methods and solutions have emerged. This paper briefly introduces the development of detection technology in long-distance oil and gas pipelines, expounds the research status of detection technology in long-distance oil and gas pipelines at home and abroad, summarizes the principles and applications of new technologies and methods in the face of the existing problems in long-distance oil and gas pipelines, and finally puts forward the future prospects of the pipeline detection industry.

In order to solve the consensus problem of parabolic multi-agent systems (MASs) under denial of service (DoS) attacks, the leader-follower consensus control protocol based on output feedback method was proposed for MASs to deal with DoS attacks initiated by malicious attackers, in order to achieve leader-follower consistency on undirected communication topology of agents. In addition, the frequency and duration of DoS attacks were analyzed, and the necessary and sufficient conditions for the stability of parabolic partial differential systems were derived by Lyapunov stability theorem. It is confirmed that the time interval between events is not zero, eliminating the occurrence of Zeno behavior, and the effectiveness of theoretical results is verified through simulation examples.

In order to address the problems in target matching and localization by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), such as the difficulties of feature extraction caused by image rotation variations between UAV images and target reference images and small image sizes from the UAV perspective, a UAV target image matching algorithm combining the candidate region detection and the SE-Hardnet feature extraction network was proposed. The Edge Boxes algorithm was used to detect candidate regions, and the SE-Hardnet network was employed for regional feature extraction, for precise target image matching by comparing feature similarities. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm exhibits higher matching accuracy and robustness under the condition of image angle and size variations. In close-range scenarios, the matching accuracy within the image dataset surpasses that of current image matching algorithms by 8％ to 11％, providing a feasible and effective solution for UAV target positioning.

Atomic manufacturing refers to the technology that directly applies energy on atoms to precisely and controllably remove or add atoms, thereby manipulating the structures and properties of materials. To achieve the precision and controllability of atomic manufacturing, multi-scale real-time observation and detection are imperative. In-situ transmission electron microscopy technique not only allows real-time study of the relationship between the structures and properties of nanomaterials at the atomic scale, but also enables the construction of atomic-level devices and in-situ detection of their performances. This article focuses on the significant progress made by in-situ transmission electron microscopy technique in the processing, device construction, and in-situ detection at the nanometer/atomic precision level. The article outlines the challenges and future development directions for the visualization and in-situ detection of atomic manufacturing processes using current in-situ transmission electron microscopy technique.

Barium titanate (BaTiO₃) based positive temperature coefficient resistance (PTCR) ceramics are widely employed in the production of various thermistor devices due to their unique resistance-temperature characteristics. With the increasingly urgent demand for lead-free electronic materials and components, the lead-free development of high-Curie-temperature BaTiO₃-based PTCR ceramics is an inevitable trend. This article first introduced the physical mechanism of PTCR effect, the performance indicators and influencing factors of BaTiO₃-based PTCR ceramic materials, and then reviewed the research progress of high-Curie-temperature lead-free BaTiO₃-based PTCR ceramic materials. Finally, strategies and approaches to improve the performance of lead-free BaTiO₃-based PTCR ceramic materials were discussed, and future prospects were proposed from manufacturing, performance and device aspects for the promotion of further development in this field.

In the context of Industry 4.0, the building industry has entered the era of digitalization, intelligence, informatization and industrialization development. The research and application of intelligent construction technology are important support for promoting the transformation and upgrading of the traditional building industry. However, intelligent construction technology suffers from insufficient synergy in the development process of the whole life cycle of buildings, lack of systematic evaluation criteria and data management systems with intelligent construction models, and high initial investment costs, therefore limiting the quality development of construction industry in the new era. This paper firstly summarizes the kernel characteristics of intelligent construction technology, then the development of emerging technologies in related fields, such as BIM technology, AR/VR technology, blockchain, architectural 3D printing, construction robotics, Internet of Things (IoT), big data and artificial intelligence, and their applications in the field of civil engineering are summarized, respectively. To promote the wider application of intelligent construction technology, proposals are made to establish a unified intelligent construction evaluation system, improve data security, save costs and strengthen multi-disciplinary cross-application. Finally, the future development of the civil engineering discipline is analyzed and outlooked, suggesting that intelligent construction technology is the new productive force of the civil engineering industry.