The Global Development Initiative is a vivid embodiment and important practice of the vision of building a community with a shared future for mankind in the field of global development, charting a clear course for advancing global development causes and international development cooperation. The Global Development Initiative adheres to “six core principles” and has rich connotations. Development represents the fundamental path to creating social wealth and driving social progress, while improving people′s well-being serves as the fundamental starting point and ultimate goal of development. The Global Development Initiative calls on the international community to pay closer attention to development issues, strengthen communication, coordination and practical cooperation, and continuously enhance the well-being of people in all countries. Aiming at current challenges such as the widening North-South development divide, insufficient momentum for global economic growth, and worsening environmental pollution, the Global Development Initiative emphasizes that all countries should enjoy equal access to development opportunities. It advocates strengthening innovation-driven development, stimulating economic growth vitality through scientific and technological innovation, and correctly handling the relationship between economic and social development and ecological environmental protection to promote the harmony between humanity and nature. Adhering to a results-oriented action approach, the Global Development Initiative proposes key cooperation areas, including poverty reduction, food security, development financing, and the digital economy, focusing on addressing the most pressing challenges faced by developing countries. As an open and inclusive global development governance proposal put forward by China, the Global Development Initiative is not only an inevitable choice to address the global development deficit and promote common development among all countries, but also an effective pathway to advance the implementation of 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development of the United Nations. Furthermore, it is an important international public good that embodies China′s development experience and wisdom, and meets the needs of global development under the new circumstances. Since the Global Development Initiative was proposed, China has continuously strengthened policy communication with relevant parties, established cooperation mechanisms, launched practical cooperation by addressing the most urgent current issues, and promoted the initiative to achieve positive progress. In the future, China should continue to strengthen mechanism construction, coordinate the Global Development Initiative, the Belt and Road Initiative, and the Global Security Initiative, enhance cooperation with the United Nations and its agencies, promote the solidarity and cooperation of the Global South, and increase the assistance to developing countries, so as to add more substance to the Global Development Initiative.

The courage to engage in self-reform is the most distinctive characteristic of the Communist Party of China (CPC), which has been embodied in and permeated different historical periods of the Party. Therefore, it is necessary to review and sort out the development of the Party′s self-reform from a historical perspective. From 1949 to 1966, the CPC transformed itself from a revolutionary party that smashed the old regime into a ruling party that built a new world, realizing a double transformation in identity and the focus of work. In order to accomplish this transformation well, the CPC has always strengthened its self-construction by means of self-reform. Specifically, during the period of national economic recovery from 1949 to 1952, the CPC promoted self-reform and consolidated the newly established regime by setting up a leading organization for preventing and punishing corruption and carrying out centralized educational activities. During the period of socialist transformation from 1953 to 1956, the CPC adhered to self-reform and led the “Three Socialist Transformations” by promoting the professionalization and refinement of the management of Party officials, exploring the establishment of a systematic restraint mechanism, and perfecting disciplinary inspection and supervision. During the period of comprehensive socialist construction from 1956 to 1966, the CPC promoted self-reform and socialist construction by exploring new paths, forming new understandings, carrying out a rectification movement, and punishing corruption in the economic field. By looking back at the exploration course of the CPC′s self-reform from 1949 to 1966 and summarizing its historical experience, several important insights can be drawn. To promote the Party′s self-reform, it is necessary to improve the system of institutional norms by system construction, continuously promote the anti-corruption struggle with a zero-tolerance attitude, constantly enhance the ideological, political, and action consciousness of the self-reform, so as to promote the normalization, long-term effectiveness and standardization of self-reform.

The low-altitude economy epitomizes New Quality Productive Forces and serves as a key component of strategic emerging industries, increasingly functioning as a new engine of economic growth. Its safe and sound development relies heavily on the construction of low-altitude infrastructure. In recent years, boosted by policy guidance and market demand, China has made tangible progress in developing low-altitude infrastructure, characterized by the coordinated advancement of physical and digital infrastructure. Through pilot and demonstration programs, some regions have pioneered initial models of commercial operation and multi-scenario application. This paper systematically reviews the current situation of low-altitude infrastructure development, conducts an in-depth analysis of its core challenges, and innovatively proposes a three-dimensional collaborative classification framework based on function, hierarchy, and object, deepening the understanding of the institutional architecture of low-altitude infrastructure and more comprehensively clarifying its core connotations and operational logic. This paper reveals that, despite initial achievements, China′s low-altitude infrastructure construction remains constrained by multiple factors, including inadequate top-level design, inconsistent standard systems, insufficient regional coordination, ambiguous division of roles between the government and the market, and the incompatibility between conventional airspace management and low-altitude economy development. Based on an in-depth analysis of the problems, this paper proposes a series of countermeasures: improving laws, regulations, and strategic planning; establishing an integrated standard system; adopting differentiated regional development strategies; optimizing government-market coordination mechanisms; and reforming and innovating airspace management. These efforts aim to provide theoretical support for strengthening the “aerial foundation” of the low-altitude economy, unlocking its trillion-yuan market potential, and promoting its large-scale development nationwide. This paper recommends that future priorities be directed toward advancing intelligent upgrades, fostering multi-scenario integration, and optimizing dynamic operations, while leveraging international experience to chart a path for the high-quality development of China′s low-altitude economy.

The low-altitude economy epitomizes New Quality Productive Forces and constitutes a prioritized strategic emerging industry in China, demonstrating immense growth potential in advancing high-quality economic development. However, a significant structural tension exists between its productive attribute of cross-regional mobility and the traditional boundaries of territorial administrative jurisdiction. From the macro perspective of building a unified national market, this paper establishes an analytical framework interconnecting administrative logic, transaction costs, and market fragmentation, and deeply analyzes current developmental challenges facing the low-altitude economy, including the fragmentation of airspace regulations, the disparities in regulatory systems and deficiencies in the rule of law, the technological isolation and insufficient provision of infrastructure, and the implicit barriers to factor mobility. This paper finds that local protectionism, rooted in the logic of territorial resource allocation, significantly inflates institutional transaction costs for market entities and obstructs the network externalities and economies of scale effects within the industry. This model not only results in severe efficiency losses, but also triggers asset impairment pressure and industrial involution due to inconsistent standards. Furthermore, the large-scale development of the low-altitude economy relies heavily on unified rules and the free flow of factors, whereas the ambiguous definition of property rights and the divergence in regulatory systems within the current management regime have become core obstacles restricting its high-quality development. The fundamental solution to this dilemma lies in promoting a transition of the governance paradigm from territorial fragmentation to collaborative governance. This paper proposes a collaborative governance framework encompassing vertical restructuring of powers and responsibilities, horizontal integrated regional development, and multifaceted market-based checks and balances. By correcting institutional distortions and restoring market mechanisms, it provides theoretical support and implementation pathways for breaking market fragmentation and building a unified national market for the low-altitude economy characterized by unified rules and orderly competition.

The Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China has coordinated the deployment of industrial clusters in the low-altitude economy as a strategic emerging field and the construction of a nationally integrated computing power network, establishing the strategic positioning of the low-altitude economy as a typical representative of New Quality Productive Forces. However, its industrial practice remains constrained by structural limitations such as physical space congestion, rigid operational marginal costs, and lagging safety governance. This paper regards computing infrastructure as a key driver determining industrial production boundaries and resource allocation efficiency, systematically examining its empowerment mechanisms and implementation pathways. Computing infrastructure fundamentally transforms the growth logic of the low-altitude economy through digital capital deepening and institutional reshaping effects. It drives a leap in research and development paradigms from physical trial-and-error to virtual iteration, promotes the transformation of resource allocation from static directives to dynamic game equilibrium, and reshapes agile governance models based on algorithmic contracts. In response to existing practical constraints, including supply-demand mismatches in spatial layout, efficiency bottlenecks of the storage-computation separation architecture, and asymmetric dependency within the industrial chain, this paper further proposes pathways such as constructing a gradient spatial layout for computing power, advancing the development of integrated communication-sensing-computing networks, and improving mechanisms for data assetization and patient capital incentives. These proposals aim to provide theoretical support and policy references for the high-quality development of the low-altitude economy.

Promoting the deep integration of the innovation chain, industrial chain, capital chain, and talent chain (“four chains”) is an important path for enhancing national industrial competitiveness and achieving high-quality economic development. Based on the panel data of 31 provincial-level regions in China (excluding Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan) from 2014 to 2023, an evaluation index system for the “four chains” in the manufacturing industry is constructed. The Critic-entropy weight method is used to determine the weights, and the coupling coordination degree model is employed to quantify their synergy level. Further, a spatial analysis framework is established, and the kernel density estimation, global Moran′s I index, LISA time path, and Theil index decomposition methods are successively adopted to conduct empirical research from the aspects of distribution dynamics, spatial correlation, agglomeration stability, and sources of differences. The results show that from 2014 to 2023, the coupling coordination degree of the “four chains” presented a spatial pattern of “high in the southeast and low in the northwest”, with the national average shifting from fluctuation to stability. Low-value provincial-level regions accelerated their catch-up, while high-value provincial-level regions saw a slowdown in growth. The kernel density map displayed the characteristics of “wider bandwidth, lower main peak, and rightward shift of the tail”, indicating a slow expansion of regional differences. Spatial correlation was significant, showing an agglomeration pattern of “high-high” and “low-low” adjacency. The Theil index analysis indicated that the overall difference gradually increased to 0.025, with intra-group differences still dominant but the contribution rate declined during the periods of 2015—2016; inter-group differences continued to increase, with the contribution of the North China regions decreasing, while that of the South China and Southwest China regions increasing, becoming the primary source of regional differences. This paper, by integrating the analysis chain of “spatial distribution-correlation stability-sources of differences”, reveals the spatiotemporal evolution mechanism of the “four chains” integration, providing empirical evidence and policy references for optimizing regional industrial layout and resource allocation.

Digital twin technology, as a key technology to break through the core bottleneck of interaction and integration between the physical and information worlds in manufacturing, is an important means to achieve intelligent manufacturing. To deeply explore the influencing factors of digital twin technology adoption in manufacturing enterprises and reveal its internal mechanism and driving logic, a four-dimensional index system of technology, organization, environment, and economy is constructed based on literature analysis and expert interviews. The DEMATEL-ISM method is adopted to systematically analyze the causal relationship and hierarchical structure of the influencing factors, and ultimately 16 main influencing factors are identified. These factors are distributed in the four quadrants of the causal relationship coordinate, forming an 8-level hierarchical explanation structure model. The research results show that government incentive policies, data security and privacy protection, and digital twin maturity exhibit the highest influence degree and are the root factors of the system; industrial chain collaboration and cooperation and application benefits demonstrate the highest centrality, while intelligent infrastructure represents the lowest-level root factor. Factors in the technological and economic dimensions constitute the main influencing paths, while factors in the environmental dimension connect and act on the main paths, ultimately affecting the surface-level organizational dimension factors. Specifically, intelligent infrastructure, data security and privacy protection, and digital twin maturity, three factors in the technological dimension, are the key factors driving manufacturing enterprises to adopt digital twin technology. At the same time, government incentive policies, application benefits, and industrial chain collaboration and cooperation in the environmental, organizational, and economic dimensions play an important role in the decision-making process. Based on this, targeted suggestions are put forward, aiming to provide strong theoretical support and practical guidance for the digital transformation and intelligent upgrading of the manufacturing industry.

Facing the challenges of large-scale heterogeneous collaboration and communication constraints in ground-to-air defense systems under strong adversarial environments, this paper proposes a hierarchical distributed cooperative mission planning framework. In the pre-combat stage, a distributed asynchronous multi-round auction (DAMA) algorithm based on a block information sharing strategy is designed. Through a virtual node negotiation mechanism, it breaks through the resource allocation bottleneck under partially connected communication topologies, reducing communication overhead by approximately 38％ while ensuring global consistency in allocation. During the combat stage, an improved multi-agent deep deterministic policy gradient (IM-MADDPG) decision model integrating a multi-head attention mechanism and asynchronous experience update is constructed. This model enhances the relational modeling capability of local neighborhood features and effectively alleviates the oscillation problem in policy learning under complex game environments. Simulation results show that the proposed method achieves a static mission completion rate of 96.8％±1.2％, and the dynamic interception success rate and asset survival rate increase to 89.6％±1.5％ and 91.2％±1.3％, respectively. It realizes closed-loop optimization from resource pre-positioning to real-time gaming, providing theoretical support for the construction of intelligent defense systems in communication-constrained environments.

Product failure usually triggers negative consumer responses, and how to effectively manage such negative responses has become a critical managerial challenge for firms. With growing global attention to environmental issues, green and low-carbon lifestyles have been integrated into public consciousness, and green products have been gradually the focus. It is worthwhile to explore and analyze whether green products can gain greater consumer tolerance and thereby mitigate negative word-of-mouth (NWOM) transmission following product failure. Based on attribute centrality theory, this paper conducts three scenario-based experiments to investigate the impact of green product failure on consumer NWOM transmission. The results show that compared with conventional product failure, green product failure better inhibits consumer NWOM transmission. In the context of severe failure, products with high green attribute centrality exert a stronger weakening effect on consumer NWOM transmission than those with low green attribute centrality and conventional products. In addition, altruistic motivation plays a partial mediating role between product failure and NWOM transmission, while environmental responsibility serves as a moderated mediator in the relationships among product failure, altruistic motivation, and NWOM transmission. Consumers demonstrate greater tolerance toward green product failure. Accordingly, firms can leverage this psychological and behavioral characteristic to address the difficulties in customer relationship management caused by product failure by endowing products with green attributes, increasing research, development efforts, and cultivating consumers′ green awareness. From the perspective of green products, this paper enriches research on consumers′ post-purchase behavior after green product failure, and provides new directions for firms to optimize customer relationship management.

The reformation of generative artificial intelligence (AI) technology is reshaping social production modes while also triggering a profound crisis in the protection of the right to erasure. The existing legal framework and technical means are inadequate when dealing with the unique characteristics of generative AI, such as autonomous generation, iterative innovation, and technology integration. This inadequacy manifests in several ways of the difficulty in locating personal information, the paradox of erasure effectiveness, the ambiguous criteria for the erasure of personal information, the insufficient incentives for erasure obligations, and the ineffectiveness of the notice and consent rule. Personal information not only has the attribute of property interests, but also implies the attribute of personality rights, so it is necessary to pay more attention to the protection of the right to erasure in the context of widespread application of generative AI. Based on the data processing mechanism of generative AI, this paper constructs a data lifecycle governance framework: the data input phase involves establishing dual-consent rules and a data trust review mechanism to ensure the legality of personal information origins; during the model training phase, comprehensive implementation of risk assessment and tiered supervision strategies is required to mitigate data security risks; in the data output phase, it is essential to clarify the legal validity of technical erasure standards and address inconsistencies in legal regulations. While enhancing personal information protection in the digital era, this framework offers an operable institutional paradigm for balancing technological innovation and right protection.

Authorized operation of public data, as a crucial means of unlocking the value of public data as a factor of production, has been explored and practiced in various regions across China. However, due to variations in model compatibility and regional suitability, the implementation outcomes have been inconsistent. This paper conducts an in-depth analysis of 27 local regulations or policy texts. Based on clarifying the relevant concepts of authorized operation of public data, it summarizes three authorized operation models:unified authorization, hierarchical authorization, and scenario-specific authorization. By establishing a three-level evaluation framework and quantitatively analyzing the implementation practices in 13 representative regions, this paper examines the advantages and disadvantages of each model and reveals that the scenario-specific authorization model currently represents the optimal solution. Accordingly, this paper proposes improving the scenario-specific authorization model by refining access mechanisms and implementing full-process supervision involving multiple stakeholders, promoting the comprehensive application of authorized operation models tailored to local conditions, and strengthening innovative development of these models based on existing practices, aiming to provide theoretical support and practical references for the effective promotion of authorized operation models of public data nationwide and further activating the potential of data factors.

The cultivation of elite engineers is currently a focal point of postgraduate education reform. Synergy theory, serving as an important theoretical support for promoting the efficient linkage of system elements, provides key insights into addressing the practical challenges in cultivating outstanding engineers in local universities. This paper, based on the core tenets and logical pathways of synergy theory, analyzes the practical dilemmas in the cultivation of engineering postgraduates at local universities. Taking Shenyang University of Technology as an example, it focuses on discussing how the university, guided by synergy theory, centers on five dimensions of enrollment model, cultivation program, cultivation mode, supervisor team, and classified evaluation, through goal synergy, resource synergy, process synergy, project synergy, and evaluation synergy, to forms a deeply integrated, whole-process cultivation system characterized by joint participation, joint management, sharing, and joint research between the university and enterprises, which solidly advancing the reform of elite engineers cultivation and achieving significant breakthroughs in educational practices. The systematic solution proposed in this paper can offer references for local universities to improve the categorized system of postgraduate education and optimize the cultivation path of elite engineers based on synergy theory.

In the New Era of artificial intelligence (AI) technology empowering education, this paper focuses on the mechanism innovation of enhancing the effectiveness of postgraduate training through AI technology from the perspective of the integration of industry, academia, and research. In response to the three structural contradictions of current technological detachment, data silos, and lagging evaluation, based on the four-dimensional theoretical framework of technology empowerment, management coordination, human-machine collaboration, and ecological evolution, a progressive closed-loop model of “tool breakthrough→resource coordination→evaluation innovation→system reconstruction” is constructed. Through a mixed research method, an empirical analysis is conducted on postgraduate training through the integration of industry, academia, and research at four typical enterprises, and shows that the inherent law of industry-academia-research collaboration is driven by the tripartite synergy of technological integration as the foundation, resource coordination as the wings, and institutional alignment as the axis, together propelling a leap in the effectiveness of capability transformation. The results indicate that the four-dimensional model systematically resolves the problems of delayed training responsiveness and inefficient innovation transformation through a tripartite mechanism of “technology embedding-resource connectivity-institutional guarantee”, providing a replicable new paradigm for postgraduate education in the AI era.