The principal contradiction facing Chinese society today is the contradiction between the people's ever-growing needs for a better life and unbalanced and inadequate development. Education and medical services are crucial areas reflecting the people's aspirations for a better life, directly impacting the national development and the people's well-being. From the perspectives of education and medical services, this paper examines how digital technology can enhance accessibility, service quality, and personalization of education and medical services to better meet the people's needs for a better life. The research findings indicate that the digital economy improves the quality of and equity of education by promoting equal access to education resources, facilitating personalized learning, and encouraging lifelong education; the digital economy enhances accessibility and quality of medical services through telemedicine, personalized health management, and the optimization of public medical services. The follow-up results of the Inclusive Green Development Survey (IGDS) conducted by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences show that respondent satisfaction with digital education is generally high, though notable heterogeneity exists based on educational background and urban-rural residence, with higher satisfaction levels observed in rural areas and among individuals with lower educational attainment. Respondent satisfaction with digital medical services is also generally favorable, with significant regional heterogeneity; higher satisfaction is reported in regions with relatively fewer medical resources, such as Heilongjiang Province, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, and Guizhou Province. It is evident that the digital economy, as a key force driving economic and social transformation, plays a significant supporting role in fulfilling the people's needs for a better life. It is essential to further strengthen the development of digital educational and medical resources and increase investment in digital infrastructure in rural and remote areas to enhance the inclusiveness of the digital economy.

Against the backdrop of a new round of technological revolution accelerating the digital transformation of traditional industries, China's home appliance industry is experiencing profound changes. Grounded in the context of industrial digital transformation, this paper focuses on how digital technologies reshape the supply-demand structure and operational logic of the home appliance industry. It systematically analyzes the internal mechanisms, practical progress, and major constraints of digital transformation in China's home appliance industry, revealing its significance in promoting industrial structure upgrading and transformation of development models. Employing an approach that integrates analysis with synthesis and unifies logical and historical perspectives, this paper conducts a comprehensive structural analysis of the evolution of China's home appliance industry in manufacturing systems, channel structures, factor allocation, product forms, and consumption patterns from both the supply and demand sides. The findings show that, on the supply side, manufacturing processes have been upgraded toward smart factories and new production models, improving efficiency and precision of production and meeting personalized customization needs; in sales, traditional channels are being upgraded while new channels are emerging, with social e-commerce growing swiftly; at the product level, terminals are becoming digitalized, intelligent, and system-oriented, forming product ecosystems; in terms of factor allocation, information platforms integrate the entire industrial process and promote intelligent matching between supply and demand. On the demand side, in the digital era, home appliance consumption demand is shifting toward intelligence and personalization, with consumption habits characterized by scenario-based usage and a greater focus on services; the emergence of new consumer groups further drives products toward intelligent and scenario-based development. Nevertheless, in the face of rapid digital technological advancement, China's home appliance industry still suffers from inadequate capacity for digital transformation, challenges in building digital ecosystems, and relatively outdated service concepts and models. Looking ahead, China's home appliance industry needs to accelerate digital transformation, innovate customer value, build “home appliance interconnection” platforms, and develop new sales channels and intelligent new retail scenarios, in order to achieve high-end, green-oriented and intelligent development.

Based on the three-dimensional framework of “economy-society-ecology”, this paper systematically explores the impact mechanism of the development of digital villages on inclusive green development in counties and its regional heterogeneity. By integrating multi-source remote sensing data, such as county-level digital village index, nighttime light data, population density, and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), the empirical analysis shows that the development of digital villages significantly improves the economic inclusiveness of counties, but regional differentiation is evident, with the most prominent economic effects observed in the central region and weak effects in the northeast region due to its path dependence on traditional industry. In the social dimension, the development of digital villages only brings modest improvements, and technological exclusion exists. The western region benefits from filling the gap in public services, while the central region experiences exacerbated social differentiation due to the inadequate adaptability of the vulnerable groups. In the ecological dimension, the overall effect is not significant, and only the western region has achieved partial improvements through digital ecological supervision technologies. This paper further reveals the characteristics of regional heterogeneity and emphasizes that digital transformation in counties should be combined with local resource endowments and policy implementation capabilities. Based on it, a “three-dimensional collaborative” policy framework is proposed, which advocates for incorporating ecological goals into the assessment system, implementing classified policies to bridge regional differences, and promoting the deep integration of development of digital villages and inclusive green development to advancing the high-quality economic and social development of counties by strengthening digital infrastructure, innovating public service supply, optimizing benefit-sharing mechanisms, and other paths.

The construction of the Hainan Free Trade Port (FTP) is a crucial strategic initiative for China to promote higher-level opening-up. A scientific evaluation of its implementation holds significant importance for optimizing policy execution and enhancing regional development quality. Based on the theoretical framework of regional planning implementation evaluation, this paper develops an evaluation system. First, this paper clarifies its role in promoting high-quality development and ensuring the effective implementation of regional plans. Second, based on the global, national, and provincial conditions, it builds a three-level evaluation index system for the Hainan FTP construction from six dimensions:economy, coordination, society, environment, openness, and security. It also proposes a phased evaluation method to measure the completeness of policy implementation, the effectiveness of execution, and potential risks. Third, applying this index system, it evaluates the implementation effects of the Hainan FTP construction. Finally, it provides policy suggestions to effectively improve the quality and efficiency of the evaluation of the Hainan FTP construction. This paper finds that the Hainan FTP construction has yielded phased accomplishments in institutional innovation, economic openness, and social governance. It has initially transformed from a “policy pilot zone” to a “model zone for high-level institutional opening-up”, offering nationwide experience in integrated institutional innovation and reforms for liberalization and facilitation. However, there is still room for improvement in areas including economic diversification, green and low-carbon development, and inclusive growth. In the future, it is essential to fully implement the master plan for the Hainan FTP construction, further improve the institutional coordination mechanism, strengthen support for industrial innovation, optimize the trade structure, and promote green development.

To analyze the dual impact of the historic expansion of the BRICS on the global trade system and China, this paper examines the overall pattern changes after the inclusion of six emerging economies, namely Saudi Arabia, Iran, Egypt, Ethiopia, the United Arab Emirates, and Indonesia. It is found that the expansion has significantly enhanced the influence of the BRICS in global affairs, promoting the evolution of the global trade governance system towards greater balance. Meanwhile, based on the common demand of the new members for reducing reliance on the US dollar, the expansion will substantially accelerate the process of de-dollarization in settlements. For China, the rich energy resources of new members will help diversify China's energy import channels, improve the trade structure network, and continuously expand the overall trade scale. Moreover, BRICS system will enhance the collective voice of the Global South, thereby laying a more solid foundation for China to participate in formulating future global economic and trade rules. However, opportunities coexist with challenges. While the expanded BRICS mechanism enjoys growing potential, it also faces new tests in internal coordination and the external environment. The objective differences among member states in terms of economic development stage, industrial structure, and policy orientation may cause obstade in the advancement of specific projects and macro policy coordination. At the same time, the growing strength of BRICS may trigger vigilance from traditional developed economies, which may create external obstacles for the deepening of cooperation. Therefore, how to strengthen internal integration and respond to external pressure after the expansion will be the key to the continuous development of the BRICS mechanism.

Pilot free trade zone (FTZ) represents a major strategic initiative for China to advance high-standard opening-up, with important missions including optimizing the business environment and enhancing trade facilitation. Currently, China's export trade confronts multiple challenges, making enhancing export resilience a key factor in boosting international competitiveness and stabilizing trade growth. Based on panel data from 280 Chinese cities from 2010 to 2022, this paper employs a multi-period difference-in-differences (DID) model to systematically evaluate the impact of pilot FTZ establishment on export resilience, supplemented by robustness tests and heterogeneity analysis. Furthermore, it examines the moderating effects of the digital economy, market potential, human capital, and tax burden, and analyzes the spatial effects of pilot FTZ on export resilience using a spatial econometric model. This paper also explores how these moderating variables influence the spatial impact of pilot FTZ on the export resilience of neighboring regions. The findings are as follows. (1) Compared to cities without pilot FTZ, those with pilot FTZ experienced a 2.68％ increase in export resilience, indicating that pilot FTZ establishment significantly enhances export resilience. (2) The digital economy, market potential, and human capital positively enhance export resilience, while an increase in corporate tax burden partially weakens the positive impact of pilot FTZ. (3) In terms of spatial effects, pilot FTZ policies significantly enhance local export resilience but exert limited impacts on the export stability of neighboring regions, with the spatial effects of the moderating variables exhibiting significant heterogeneity. Based on these conclusions, this paper proposes policy recommendations, including deepening the development of the digital economy, fully tapping into domestic market potential, strengthening the cultivation of high-quality talents, optimizing tax policies, and enhancing collaboration among pilot FTZ. These measures aim to promote digital trade development, optimize regional economic structures, and enhance policy synergy, thereby providing valuable references for boosting China's export resilience.

New Quality Productive Forces are the key driver of high-quality development in China, and the transnational capital owned by returnees is a important resource connecting the global innovation network with local industrial upgrading. Based on Bourdieu's theory of capital, this paper conducts an in-depth analysis of how returnees' transnational capital empowers the development of New Quality Productive Forces in China, aiming to address three core issues:the multi-dimensional composition and characteristics of returnees' transnational capital, its inherent mechanism through which it acts on New Quality Productive Forces, and the key challenges and optimization paths in its localized transformation. Combining theoretical construction and mechanism analysis, this paper constructs an analytical framework for returnees' transnational capital, decomposing it into a four-dimensional structure of symbolic, social, cultural, and economic capital, and revealing its dynamic and contextual characteristics. Through theoretical mechanism analysis, it is found that returnees' transnational capital can empower scientific and technological innovation through the effects of knowledge diffusion and reproduction, optimize the allocation of factors of production through the effect of resource integration, and improve the institutional environment through the effect of ecological optimization, thereby empowering the development of New Quality Productive Forces. Meanwhile, transnational capital faces challenges, such as a lack of adaptability to local conditions, lagging institutional environments, and insufficient social and cultural support in its localized transformation. Accordingly, this paper proposes practical paths from three aspects:constructing a multi-dimensional service and empowerment system, improving institutional environments for better adaptation, and enhancing social and cultural identity. This paper expands the transnational application scenarios of the theory of capital, establishes an analytical framework for the connection between “transnational capital and New Quality Productive Forces”, and provides theoretical support and policy references for unleashing the potential of returnees' capital and advancing the development of New Quality Productive Forces.

The coordination of fresh agricultural product supply chains is a key pathway to reducing circulation losses and optimizing the matching of supply and demand. In response to the complex situation of overlapping stochastic output and demand, this paper constructs a three-level supply chain model composed of farmers, a single supplier, and a retailer, focusing on the coordination mechanism driven by dual efforts in production and preservation. By comparing centralized and decentralized decision-making models, this paper reveals that the total profit of supply chain members under decentralized decision-making is significantly lower than the system's total profit, highlighting an inherent contradiction. Based on this, an optimal decision-making framework centered on production effort, preservation effort, pricing, and order quantity is proposed. Further, a coordination optimization scheme combining a “revenue sharing + cost sharing” contract with risk-sharing strategies is designed to prove that this composite contract can effectively eliminate the double marginalization effect and bring the expected profit of decentralized decision-making to the Pareto optimal level of centralized decision-making. The research findings indicate that the realization of supply chain coordination depends on the precise positioning of member roles-suppliers can significantly increase the circulation scale of fresh agricultural products by deeply focusing on consumer utility, forming a win-win situation for all parties; enterprises' active sharing of farmers' production risks becomes a key lever to enhance the overall chain profit, and its risk compensation mechanism can simultaneously motivate farmers to increase production effort and product quality. This paper provides a “production-preservation-circulation” three-dimensional collaborative decision-making paradigm for the contract coordination of multi-level fresh agricultural product supply chains, offering theoretical support and practical references for mitigating the bullwhip effect in agricultural product supply chains and promoting the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy.

The study of Lenin's view of the state aims to systematically examine the conceptual system formed on the basis of inheriting and developing Marx and Engels' theory of the state, so as to respond to the doubts of the liberal view of the state and state nihilism. In the current critical period when the domestic and international imperatives are intertwined, it is necessary to clarify the formation logic and modern connotation of Lenin's view of the state, and provide theoretical support for modernizing China's system and capacity for governance. By reading Lenin's original works, this paper sorts out his development of Marxist ideas on the essence of the state and the development of socialism. It uses a comparative analysis method to examine Lenin's criticism of erroneous trends of thought, such as revisionism and opportunism, and reveals the process by which he refined his view of the state through theoretical struggles. Combined with relevant historical materials, it also analyzes how Lenin transformed the theory of the state into concrete practices of state governance through innovation in systems and mechanisms. This paper finds that Lenin developed Marxist ideas on the essence of the state and creatively put forward the theory of “the victory of socialism in one country”, which provides a basis for underdeveloped countries to develop socialism. When criticizing many erroneous trends of thought in the Second International, Lenin made it clear that the proletariat must establish a dictatorship through violent revolution. Especially at the practical level, Lenin blazed a new path for socialist state governance and set a model for its development by taking measures such as establishing worker-peasant supervision institutions and promoting universal cultural education. Lenin's view of the state represents the dialectical unity of criticism and construction: it not only inherits the revolutionary nature of Marxist theory of the state, but also enriches the theory of socialist governance through Soviet practice; its core lies in the organic integration of four elements, namely, adhering to the fundamental direction of the dictatorship of the proletariat, the Party's overall leadership, the principal position of the people, and institutional innovation; and it reveals the universal law of the development of socialist states, namely that it is necessary to restrict power by strengthening the people's supervision and safeguard democracy through institutional and cultural development. These viewpoints provide theoretical reference for comprehensively promote the construction of a powerful country and the great cause of national rejuvenation by Chinese modernization nowadays.

The new cultural entity is a new cultural system with inherent unity, formed through the “Two Integrations”. It is rooted in the specific realities of China in the New Era, meets the needs of adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times, and emerges from the inheritance and innovation of fine traditional Chinese culture as well as the great practice of advancing Chinese modernization, thus bearing profound connotations. From the perspective of value goals, the new cultural entity lays a solid cultural foundation for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, breathing new life into fine traditional Chinese culture and sustaining its enduring vitality; it injects the vitality of the times into socialist cultural-ethical construction, serving as an important task in this endeavor; rooted in the Chinese nation's value essence of “all civilizations can appreciate each other's beauty while valuing their own and achieve common development”, it contributes Chinese wisdom to the development of new paradigms of human civilization. To build a new cultural entity, it is necessary to adhere to the principle of continuity that connects the past and the future, and align with the new requirements of the times and characteristics of practice to inherit and develop fine traditional Chinese culture. Efforts should focus on adhering to the principle of innovation that keeps pace with the times, promoting progress in human civilization through innovation in theory, institutions, science and technology, culture, and other domains. It is essential to uphold unity amid diversity and maintain solidarity through centrality, seek the greatest common ground, draw the widest possible inclusive circle, and create a powerful driving force for the sustained development of Chinese civilization. It is crucial to uphold the principle of inclusiveness that embraces diverse elements and preserve the stance of Chinese culture, thoroughly exploring the spiritual symbols and cultural genes embedded in fine traditional Chinese culture, and ensuring that the new cultural entity embodies Chinese cultural genes. It is imperative to adhere to the principle of peace that values harmony, peace, balance, convergence, unity, and cooperation, reject wrong viewpoints such as the “clash of civilizations” and “cultural replacement theory”, and promote Chinese civilization to work together with civilizations around the world to gather strength for the harmonious coexistence of human civilizations.

Juvenile delinquency and serious misbehaviors in China have shown a dual trend of high incidence and younger age demographics, with many such minors failing to receive effective intervention. Meanwhile, correctional education under the framework of the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency faces practical gaps, including insufficient prosecutorial supervision, inadequate resource allocation, limited intervention methods, and underdeveloped collaborative mechanisms. The existing system struggles to meet the demands of modern juvenile protection and crime prevention, highlighting an urgent need to reconstruct a specialized education system that aligns with China's judicial practices while combining judicial professionalism with rehabilitative inclusiveness. This paper employs the methods of literature review and comparative analysis, etc., supported by the theories of Parens Patriae, restorative justice, and tiered intervention, while integrated with domestic judicial practices and experiences from Germany, Japan, and the U.S., etc. It first begins with analyzing the attributes and characteristics of correctional education and clarifies that correctional education falls within the scope of criminal policy, specialized education, protective treatment, and social governance system. It then analyzes problems in practice, such as the dominance of “police-referred students” and formalized psychological correction approaches. Drawing on international experiences, such as prosecutorial supervision in Germany, classified education resource allocation in Japan, and risk classification in the U.S., the paper outlines localized approaches. Ultimately, it proposes strengthening correctional education through four dimensions: legalization, by requiring prosecutorial involvement in admission assessments, full-process supervision, and judicial justice integration; professionalization, by focusing on three-dimensional curricula of “knowledge foundation, skill enhancement, and social reintegration”, along with professional faculty development; precision, by leveraging technology to empower risk assessment and dynamic tracking; and collaboration, by emphasizing provincial-level coordination of student resources and funding, as well as cross-regional resource sharing. It is proposed that by constructing a multi-tiered rights protection system of “internal appeal, administrative remedy and prosecutorial supervision”, formulating Specialized Education Law to clarify the authority of the specialized education steering committee and tiered treatment procedures, refining the privacy protection rules of communication and information related to treatment, and enhancing family “order to supervise guardianship” and incentive policy of social collaboration, the legal safeguards can be perfected. The primary innovation of this paper resides in constructing a systematic correctional education framework focused on functional enhancement and legal safeguards, refining the operational mechanisms for procuratorial organs, and introducing a provincial-level coordinated model, so as to contribute to supporting the effective implementation of the “best interests of minors” principle, link criminal justice and correctional education, and promote the modernization of crime governance.

The fair competition review system is a powerful guarantee and important means for maintaining a fair market competition order and optimizing the business environment. Based on the national legal requirements of strengthening the foundational status of competition policies, the fair competition review system should be fully leveraged to maximize its effectiveness. Optimizing fair competition review of local government fiscal subsidy policies is an integral part of coordinating the relationship between the government and the market, and is also an internal requirement for building a unified national market and promoting high-quality development. By adopting research methods including normative analysis and case analysis, this paper explores the theories and practices of fair competition review of local government fiscal subsidies, and attempts to identify reasonable, feasible, and effective optimization paths. As an important component of industrial policies, fiscal subsidies are one of the conventional policy tools for local governments to guide industrial development, promote industrial transformation and upgrading, and promote economic growth. When used appropriately, they can play a positive role in effectively allocating resources, compensating for market failures, and promoting the optimization and upgrading of the industrial structure. Conversely, improper application will disrupt the market competition order, damage the local business environment, impede the building of a unified national market, and even obstruct the pursuit of high-quality economic development. Therefore, conducting fair competition review of local government fiscal subsidies is both legitimate and imperative. Currently, the basis of laws of higher status for local government fiscal subsidies is insufficient, making it difficult to justify the legality and rationality of formulating local government fiscal subsidy policies. What is more, the existing review methods are inappropriate, unable to ensure the accuracy and appropriateness of the fair competition review conclusions of local government fiscal subsidies. In addition, the review procedures are not standardized, and formalistic and perfunctory reviews often lead to biased or erroneous fair competition review conclusions of local government fiscal subsidies. The supporting mechanism is not sound, seriously affecting the effective implementation of the fair competition review system of local government fiscal subsidies. Therefore, multiple measures should be taken to continuously explore the optimization paths of fair competition review of local government fiscal subsidies. Firstly, the basis of laws of higher status for local government fiscal subsidies should be clarified to resolve ambiguities in such a basis and improve the reliability of the review. Secondly, efforts should be made to construct a substantive, fair competition review method for local government fiscal subsidies to improve the accuracy of the review conclusions. Thirdly, it is essential to standardize the review procedures and eliminate the drawbacks of formalistic review by improving the external consultation, soliciting opinions from experts and scholars, legal advisors, and professional institutions, and optimizing the archiving and verification procedures. Finally, it is crucial to focus on the review incentive mechanism, supervision mechanism, and relief mechanism, improve the review guarantee mechanism, and foster coordinated efforts in review implementation to continuously promote the effective implementation of fair competition review of local government fiscal subsidies. The optimization paths of fair competition review of fiscal subsidy policies proposed in this paper can provide useful references for the fair competition review of local government fiscal subsidies and improve the effectiveness of such review.

The social assistance law achieving legislative goal of common prosperity is a long-term and complex process. Existing studies have rarely explored the legal logic of social assistance law achieving legislative goal of common prosperity from such perspectives as value concepts, basic principles, and safeguard mechanisms. It is imperative to accurately identify the connection points between social assistance law and the value concepts, basic principles, and essential requirements of common prosperity at the theoretical level, and continuously guide the improvement of social assistance legislation based on the goals and theoretical systems of common prosperity. This paper mainly adopts normative analysis, value analysis and empirical analysis methods. Taking the realization of common prosperity as the legislative objective, it focuses on the content of the social assistance law norms to conduct a rationality review of various formally legal social assistance institutions. Based on reality, it examines social assistance legislation, identifies practical disputes and verifies response paths. The research findings indicate that the social assistance law achieving legislative goal of common prosperity still confronts numerous challenges, including insufficient collaboration among multiple assistance entities, limited assistance levels, unreasonable allocation of assistance resources, and inadequate social assistance reforms in the digital era. To address these challenges, an analytical framework of “conceptual goals-legal means” should be adopted and the inclusiveness of social assistance should be enhanced; emphasis should be placed on the sustainable development of the recipients' feasible capabilities and the fair distribution of social benefits; a multi-stakeholder structure of “Party committee leadership-government guidance-social solidarity-individual self-reliance” should be established in accordance with the law; a tiered and categorized assistance system should be improved; the allocation structure of social assistance should be optimized; and digital social assistance reform should be leveraged to enhance the accessibility of assistance services. This paper innovatively proposes that the social assistance law should adhere to the concept of rule of law of inclusive assistance, developmental assistance, and redistributive justice. From a systematic perspective, it explores the specific paths through which the social assistance law can advance the achievement of common prosperity, aiming to promote the achievement of common prosperity via a well-developed legal system for social assistance.