The low-altitude economy epitomizes New Quality Productive Forces and serves as a key component of strategic emerging industries, increasingly functioning as a new engine of economic growth. Its safe and sound development relies heavily on the construction of low-altitude infrastructure. In recent years, boosted by policy guidance and market demand, China has made tangible progress in developing low-altitude infrastructure, characterized by the coordinated advancement of physical and digital infrastructure. Through pilot and demonstration programs, some regions have pioneered initial models of commercial operation and multi-scenario application. This paper systematically reviews the current situation of low-altitude infrastructure development, conducts an in-depth analysis of its core challenges, and innovatively proposes a three-dimensional collaborative classification framework based on function, hierarchy, and object, deepening the understanding of the institutional architecture of low-altitude infrastructure and more comprehensively clarifying its core connotations and operational logic. This paper reveals that, despite initial achievements, China′s low-altitude infrastructure construction remains constrained by multiple factors, including inadequate top-level design, inconsistent standard systems, insufficient regional coordination, ambiguous division of roles between the government and the market, and the incompatibility between conventional airspace management and low-altitude economy development. Based on an in-depth analysis of the problems, this paper proposes a series of countermeasures: improving laws, regulations, and strategic planning; establishing an integrated standard system; adopting differentiated regional development strategies; optimizing government-market coordination mechanisms; and reforming and innovating airspace management. These efforts aim to provide theoretical support for strengthening the “aerial foundation” of the low-altitude economy, unlocking its trillion-yuan market potential, and promoting its large-scale development nationwide. This paper recommends that future priorities be directed toward advancing intelligent upgrades, fostering multi-scenario integration, and optimizing dynamic operations, while leveraging international experience to chart a path for the high-quality development of China′s low-altitude economy.

Promoting the deep integration of the innovation chain, industrial chain, capital chain, and talent chain (“four chains”) is an important path for enhancing national industrial competitiveness and achieving high-quality economic development. Based on the panel data of 31 provincial-level regions in China (excluding Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan) from 2014 to 2023, an evaluation index system for the “four chains” in the manufacturing industry is constructed. The Critic-entropy weight method is used to determine the weights, and the coupling coordination degree model is employed to quantify their synergy level. Further, a spatial analysis framework is established, and the kernel density estimation, global Moran′s I index, LISA time path, and Theil index decomposition methods are successively adopted to conduct empirical research from the aspects of distribution dynamics, spatial correlation, agglomeration stability, and sources of differences. The results show that from 2014 to 2023, the coupling coordination degree of the “four chains” presented a spatial pattern of “high in the southeast and low in the northwest”, with the national average shifting from fluctuation to stability. Low-value provincial-level regions accelerated their catch-up, while high-value provincial-level regions saw a slowdown in growth. The kernel density map displayed the characteristics of “wider bandwidth, lower main peak, and rightward shift of the tail”, indicating a slow expansion of regional differences. Spatial correlation was significant, showing an agglomeration pattern of “high-high” and “low-low” adjacency. The Theil index analysis indicated that the overall difference gradually increased to 0.025, with intra-group differences still dominant but the contribution rate declined during the periods of 2015—2016; inter-group differences continued to increase, with the contribution of the North China regions decreasing, while that of the South China and Southwest China regions increasing, becoming the primary source of regional differences. This paper, by integrating the analysis chain of “spatial distribution-correlation stability-sources of differences”, reveals the spatiotemporal evolution mechanism of the “four chains” integration, providing empirical evidence and policy references for optimizing regional industrial layout and resource allocation.

Digital twin technology, as a key technology to break through the core bottleneck of interaction and integration between the physical and information worlds in manufacturing, is an important means to achieve intelligent manufacturing. To deeply explore the influencing factors of digital twin technology adoption in manufacturing enterprises and reveal its internal mechanism and driving logic, a four-dimensional index system of technology, organization, environment, and economy is constructed based on literature analysis and expert interviews. The DEMATEL-ISM method is adopted to systematically analyze the causal relationship and hierarchical structure of the influencing factors, and ultimately 16 main influencing factors are identified. These factors are distributed in the four quadrants of the causal relationship coordinate, forming an 8-level hierarchical explanation structure model. The research results show that government incentive policies, data security and privacy protection, and digital twin maturity exhibit the highest influence degree and are the root factors of the system; industrial chain collaboration and cooperation and application benefits demonstrate the highest centrality, while intelligent infrastructure represents the lowest-level root factor. Factors in the technological and economic dimensions constitute the main influencing paths, while factors in the environmental dimension connect and act on the main paths, ultimately affecting the surface-level organizational dimension factors. Specifically, intelligent infrastructure, data security and privacy protection, and digital twin maturity, three factors in the technological dimension, are the key factors driving manufacturing enterprises to adopt digital twin technology. At the same time, government incentive policies, application benefits, and industrial chain collaboration and cooperation in the environmental, organizational, and economic dimensions play an important role in the decision-making process. Based on this, targeted suggestions are put forward, aiming to provide strong theoretical support and practical guidance for the digital transformation and intelligent upgrading of the manufacturing industry.

In the New Era of artificial intelligence (AI) technology empowering education, this paper focuses on the mechanism innovation of enhancing the effectiveness of postgraduate training through AI technology from the perspective of the integration of industry, academia, and research. In response to the three structural contradictions of current technological detachment, data silos, and lagging evaluation, based on the four-dimensional theoretical framework of technology empowerment, management coordination, human-machine collaboration, and ecological evolution, a progressive closed-loop model of “tool breakthrough→resource coordination→evaluation innovation→system reconstruction” is constructed. Through a mixed research method, an empirical analysis is conducted on postgraduate training through the integration of industry, academia, and research at four typical enterprises, and shows that the inherent law of industry-academia-research collaboration is driven by the tripartite synergy of technological integration as the foundation, resource coordination as the wings, and institutional alignment as the axis, together propelling a leap in the effectiveness of capability transformation. The results indicate that the four-dimensional model systematically resolves the problems of delayed training responsiveness and inefficient innovation transformation through a tripartite mechanism of “technology embedding-resource connectivity-institutional guarantee”, providing a replicable new paradigm for postgraduate education in the AI era.

Authorized operation of public data, as a crucial means of unlocking the value of public data as a factor of production, has been explored and practiced in various regions across China. However, due to variations in model compatibility and regional suitability, the implementation outcomes have been inconsistent. This paper conducts an in-depth analysis of 27 local regulations or policy texts. Based on clarifying the relevant concepts of authorized operation of public data, it summarizes three authorized operation models:unified authorization, hierarchical authorization, and scenario-specific authorization. By establishing a three-level evaluation framework and quantitatively analyzing the implementation practices in 13 representative regions, this paper examines the advantages and disadvantages of each model and reveals that the scenario-specific authorization model currently represents the optimal solution. Accordingly, this paper proposes improving the scenario-specific authorization model by refining access mechanisms and implementing full-process supervision involving multiple stakeholders, promoting the comprehensive application of authorized operation models tailored to local conditions, and strengthening innovative development of these models based on existing practices, aiming to provide theoretical support and practical references for the effective promotion of authorized operation models of public data nationwide and further activating the potential of data factors.

Facing the challenges of large-scale heterogeneous collaboration and communication constraints in ground-to-air defense systems under strong adversarial environments, this paper proposes a hierarchical distributed cooperative mission planning framework. In the pre-combat stage, a distributed asynchronous multi-round auction (DAMA) algorithm based on a block information sharing strategy is designed. Through a virtual node negotiation mechanism, it breaks through the resource allocation bottleneck under partially connected communication topologies, reducing communication overhead by approximately 38％ while ensuring global consistency in allocation. During the combat stage, an improved multi-agent deep deterministic policy gradient (IM-MADDPG) decision model integrating a multi-head attention mechanism and asynchronous experience update is constructed. This model enhances the relational modeling capability of local neighborhood features and effectively alleviates the oscillation problem in policy learning under complex game environments. Simulation results show that the proposed method achieves a static mission completion rate of 96.8％±1.2％, and the dynamic interception success rate and asset survival rate increase to 89.6％±1.5％ and 91.2％±1.3％, respectively. It realizes closed-loop optimization from resource pre-positioning to real-time gaming, providing theoretical support for the construction of intelligent defense systems in communication-constrained environments.

The low-altitude economy epitomizes New Quality Productive Forces and constitutes a prioritized strategic emerging industry in China, demonstrating immense growth potential in advancing high-quality economic development. However, a significant structural tension exists between its productive attribute of cross-regional mobility and the traditional boundaries of territorial administrative jurisdiction. From the macro perspective of building a unified national market, this paper establishes an analytical framework interconnecting administrative logic, transaction costs, and market fragmentation, and deeply analyzes current developmental challenges facing the low-altitude economy, including the fragmentation of airspace regulations, the disparities in regulatory systems and deficiencies in the rule of law, the technological isolation and insufficient provision of infrastructure, and the implicit barriers to factor mobility. This paper finds that local protectionism, rooted in the logic of territorial resource allocation, significantly inflates institutional transaction costs for market entities and obstructs the network externalities and economies of scale effects within the industry. This model not only results in severe efficiency losses, but also triggers asset impairment pressure and industrial involution due to inconsistent standards. Furthermore, the large-scale development of the low-altitude economy relies heavily on unified rules and the free flow of factors, whereas the ambiguous definition of property rights and the divergence in regulatory systems within the current management regime have become core obstacles restricting its high-quality development. The fundamental solution to this dilemma lies in promoting a transition of the governance paradigm from territorial fragmentation to collaborative governance. This paper proposes a collaborative governance framework encompassing vertical restructuring of powers and responsibilities, horizontal integrated regional development, and multifaceted market-based checks and balances. By correcting institutional distortions and restoring market mechanisms, it provides theoretical support and implementation pathways for breaking market fragmentation and building a unified national market for the low-altitude economy characterized by unified rules and orderly competition.

The Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China has coordinated the deployment of industrial clusters in the low-altitude economy as a strategic emerging field and the construction of a nationally integrated computing power network, establishing the strategic positioning of the low-altitude economy as a typical representative of New Quality Productive Forces. However, its industrial practice remains constrained by structural limitations such as physical space congestion, rigid operational marginal costs, and lagging safety governance. This paper regards computing infrastructure as a key driver determining industrial production boundaries and resource allocation efficiency, systematically examining its empowerment mechanisms and implementation pathways. Computing infrastructure fundamentally transforms the growth logic of the low-altitude economy through digital capital deepening and institutional reshaping effects. It drives a leap in research and development paradigms from physical trial-and-error to virtual iteration, promotes the transformation of resource allocation from static directives to dynamic game equilibrium, and reshapes agile governance models based on algorithmic contracts. In response to existing practical constraints, including supply-demand mismatches in spatial layout, efficiency bottlenecks of the storage-computation separation architecture, and asymmetric dependency within the industrial chain, this paper further proposes pathways such as constructing a gradient spatial layout for computing power, advancing the development of integrated communication-sensing-computing networks, and improving mechanisms for data assetization and patient capital incentives. These proposals aim to provide theoretical support and policy references for the high-quality development of the low-altitude economy.

The reformation of generative artificial intelligence (AI) technology is reshaping social production modes while also triggering a profound crisis in the protection of the right to erasure. The existing legal framework and technical means are inadequate when dealing with the unique characteristics of generative AI, such as autonomous generation, iterative innovation, and technology integration. This inadequacy manifests in several ways of the difficulty in locating personal information, the paradox of erasure effectiveness, the ambiguous criteria for the erasure of personal information, the insufficient incentives for erasure obligations, and the ineffectiveness of the notice and consent rule. Personal information not only has the attribute of property interests, but also implies the attribute of personality rights, so it is necessary to pay more attention to the protection of the right to erasure in the context of widespread application of generative AI. Based on the data processing mechanism of generative AI, this paper constructs a data lifecycle governance framework: the data input phase involves establishing dual-consent rules and a data trust review mechanism to ensure the legality of personal information origins; during the model training phase, comprehensive implementation of risk assessment and tiered supervision strategies is required to mitigate data security risks; in the data output phase, it is essential to clarify the legal validity of technical erasure standards and address inconsistencies in legal regulations. While enhancing personal information protection in the digital era, this framework offers an operable institutional paradigm for balancing technological innovation and right protection.

The Global Development Initiative is a vivid embodiment and important practice of the vision of building a community with a shared future for mankind in the field of global development, charting a clear course for advancing global development causes and international development cooperation. The Global Development Initiative adheres to “six core principles” and has rich connotations. Development represents the fundamental path to creating social wealth and driving social progress, while improving people′s well-being serves as the fundamental starting point and ultimate goal of development. The Global Development Initiative calls on the international community to pay closer attention to development issues, strengthen communication, coordination and practical cooperation, and continuously enhance the well-being of people in all countries. Aiming at current challenges such as the widening North-South development divide, insufficient momentum for global economic growth, and worsening environmental pollution, the Global Development Initiative emphasizes that all countries should enjoy equal access to development opportunities. It advocates strengthening innovation-driven development, stimulating economic growth vitality through scientific and technological innovation, and correctly handling the relationship between economic and social development and ecological environmental protection to promote the harmony between humanity and nature. Adhering to a results-oriented action approach, the Global Development Initiative proposes key cooperation areas, including poverty reduction, food security, development financing, and the digital economy, focusing on addressing the most pressing challenges faced by developing countries. As an open and inclusive global development governance proposal put forward by China, the Global Development Initiative is not only an inevitable choice to address the global development deficit and promote common development among all countries, but also an effective pathway to advance the implementation of 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development of the United Nations. Furthermore, it is an important international public good that embodies China′s development experience and wisdom, and meets the needs of global development under the new circumstances. Since the Global Development Initiative was proposed, China has continuously strengthened policy communication with relevant parties, established cooperation mechanisms, launched practical cooperation by addressing the most urgent current issues, and promoted the initiative to achieve positive progress. In the future, China should continue to strengthen mechanism construction, coordinate the Global Development Initiative, the Belt and Road Initiative, and the Global Security Initiative, enhance cooperation with the United Nations and its agencies, promote the solidarity and cooperation of the Global South, and increase the assistance to developing countries, so as to add more substance to the Global Development Initiative.

The cultivation of elite engineers is currently a focal point of postgraduate education reform. Synergy theory, serving as an important theoretical support for promoting the efficient linkage of system elements, provides key insights into addressing the practical challenges in cultivating outstanding engineers in local universities. This paper, based on the core tenets and logical pathways of synergy theory, analyzes the practical dilemmas in the cultivation of engineering postgraduates at local universities. Taking Shenyang University of Technology as an example, it focuses on discussing how the university, guided by synergy theory, centers on five dimensions of enrollment model, cultivation program, cultivation mode, supervisor team, and classified evaluation, through goal synergy, resource synergy, process synergy, project synergy, and evaluation synergy, to forms a deeply integrated, whole-process cultivation system characterized by joint participation, joint management, sharing, and joint research between the university and enterprises, which solidly advancing the reform of elite engineers cultivation and achieving significant breakthroughs in educational practices. The systematic solution proposed in this paper can offer references for local universities to improve the categorized system of postgraduate education and optimize the cultivation path of elite engineers based on synergy theory.

The courage to engage in self-reform is the most distinctive characteristic of the Communist Party of China (CPC), which has been embodied in and permeated different historical periods of the Party. Therefore, it is necessary to review and sort out the development of the Party′s self-reform from a historical perspective. From 1949 to 1966, the CPC transformed itself from a revolutionary party that smashed the old regime into a ruling party that built a new world, realizing a double transformation in identity and the focus of work. In order to accomplish this transformation well, the CPC has always strengthened its self-construction by means of self-reform. Specifically, during the period of national economic recovery from 1949 to 1952, the CPC promoted self-reform and consolidated the newly established regime by setting up a leading organization for preventing and punishing corruption and carrying out centralized educational activities. During the period of socialist transformation from 1953 to 1956, the CPC adhered to self-reform and led the “Three Socialist Transformations” by promoting the professionalization and refinement of the management of Party officials, exploring the establishment of a systematic restraint mechanism, and perfecting disciplinary inspection and supervision. During the period of comprehensive socialist construction from 1956 to 1966, the CPC promoted self-reform and socialist construction by exploring new paths, forming new understandings, carrying out a rectification movement, and punishing corruption in the economic field. By looking back at the exploration course of the CPC′s self-reform from 1949 to 1966 and summarizing its historical experience, several important insights can be drawn. To promote the Party′s self-reform, it is necessary to improve the system of institutional norms by system construction, continuously promote the anti-corruption struggle with a zero-tolerance attitude, constantly enhance the ideological, political, and action consciousness of the self-reform, so as to promote the normalization, long-term effectiveness and standardization of self-reform.

Product failure usually triggers negative consumer responses, and how to effectively manage such negative responses has become a critical managerial challenge for firms. With growing global attention to environmental issues, green and low-carbon lifestyles have been integrated into public consciousness, and green products have been gradually the focus. It is worthwhile to explore and analyze whether green products can gain greater consumer tolerance and thereby mitigate negative word-of-mouth (NWOM) transmission following product failure. Based on attribute centrality theory, this paper conducts three scenario-based experiments to investigate the impact of green product failure on consumer NWOM transmission. The results show that compared with conventional product failure, green product failure better inhibits consumer NWOM transmission. In the context of severe failure, products with high green attribute centrality exert a stronger weakening effect on consumer NWOM transmission than those with low green attribute centrality and conventional products. In addition, altruistic motivation plays a partial mediating role between product failure and NWOM transmission, while environmental responsibility serves as a moderated mediator in the relationships among product failure, altruistic motivation, and NWOM transmission. Consumers demonstrate greater tolerance toward green product failure. Accordingly, firms can leverage this psychological and behavioral characteristic to address the difficulties in customer relationship management caused by product failure by endowing products with green attributes, increasing research, development efforts, and cultivating consumers′ green awareness. From the perspective of green products, this paper enriches research on consumers′ post-purchase behavior after green product failure, and provides new directions for firms to optimize customer relationship management.

Since China began the construction of the “Digital Silk Road”, significant achievements have been made in areas such as digital technology cooperation, digital infrastructure construction, digital service trade, and cross-border e-commerce with the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) partner countries. Digital service trade has become a new growth point for economic and trade cooperation between China and BRI partner countries. Based on the background of “Silk Road E-commerce” cooperation, this paper takes 57 BRI partner countries from 2005 to 2023 as samples, employs a stochastic frontier gravity model to analyze the efficiency and potential of China′s digital service trade exports to these countries, and divides market types based on the calculated mean efficiency value to further explore the regional heterogeneity of digital service trade. This paper finds that factors such as the respective economic scale of China and these countries and a common language between them are conducive to China′s digital service trade exports, while factors such as population size and geographical distance hinder such exports. Factors such as “Silk Road E-commerce” cooperation, internet penetration rate, government efficiency, economic freedom, and the signing of free trade agreements with China can effectively reduce the impact of trade inefficiency, while foreign direct investment is not a major factor affecting the efficiency of digital service trade exports. Overall, China′s digital service trade exports to BRI partner countries exhibit relatively high efficiency and great potential. Specifically, efficiency is higher in countries such as the United Arab Emirates, Malaysia, and Saudi Arabia, and lower in countries such as Timor-Leste, Nepal, and Laos. In terms of the trend of export potential changes, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and West Asia regions will be the two regions with the greatest potential for China′s digital service trade exports, while the growth of the potential for China′s digital service trade exports to Central Asia, Central and Eastern Europe, and other regions is relatively slow. Based on these findings, this paper proposes countermeasures and suggestions such as continuously deepening “Silk Road E-commerce” cooperation, expanding institutional opening up in digital trade, improving government service efficiency, and innovating digital trade cooperation methods, in order to continuously release the digital trade dividends under the international cooperation framework of “Silk Road E-commerce”.

In response to the peak population aging in China and the phenomenon of population outflow in the three northeastern provinces, this paper aims to improve the quality of life of the elderly in rural areas of the three northeastern provinces. It conducts an in-depth study on the constraints of elderly care mode selection in rural areas of the region, providing a basis for the government to formulate reasonable elderly care policies. Based on the panel data of the elderly dependency ratio, medical consumption expenditure, and pension insurance subsidy of rural households in the three northeastern provinces from 2015 to 2024, a structural equation model is constructed to empirically examine the interrelationships among medical consumption behavior, changes in the elderly population structure, and pension insurance subsidy policies in the region. This paper finds that the rising elderly dependency ratio in the region has increased the medical burden on rural households, pension insurance contributions and subsidies can alleviate this burden to a certain extent, and the buffering effect of pension insurance has been strengthened. However, due to the differences in population structure, economic development models, and local elderly care policies among the three provinces, as well as the comprehensive influence of physical, psychological, and social factors on the rural elderly, heterogeneity persists in the elderly care mode selection. Currently, Liaoning Province faces sustainability pressure on its existing elderly care policies for rural residents and needs to prioritize raising the pooling level of pension insurance and exploring the transfer of funds to replenish social security funds. Jilin Province should expand the policy coverage of the existing pension insurance system and optimize the participation structure of rural residents in pension insurance. Heilongjiang Province, on the basis of a relatively healthy and stable existing elderly care model for rural residents, should attempt to launch pilot projects of integrated medical and elderly care services for rural residents and incorporate such services into the scope of pension insurance contributions and payouts. In addition, this paper suggests that the three northeastern provinces should establish an indexed adjustment mechanism for pension insurance amount for rural residents′ pension insurance and implement annual adjustment measures for pension insurance contributions and payouts.

The digital and intelligent transformation is not only an inevitable choice for building a strong shipbuilding industry in China, but also a systematic project that fundamentally reshapes the ship manufacturing system through deep integration of intelligent technologies such as artificial intelligence, with data serving as a crucial driver. This paper conducts an analysis of the practical foundation, challenges, advancement pathways, and strategic choices for the digital and intelligent transformation of China′s shipbuilding industry during the 15th Five-Year Plan period, based on a literature review, policy analysis, typical case studies, and field research. Currently, China′s shipbuilding industry has successfully established a systematic model for advancing digital and intelligent transformation, characterized by data as the foundation, intelligent technologies as the core, independently developed products as the hallmark, and open ecosystems as the backbone. However, it still faces challenges, including insufficient self-reliance in core technologies, barriers to data factor circulation, digitalization gaps in the industrial chain, and lagging support for standards and talents. The digital and intelligent transformation of China′s shipbuilding industry possesses such advantages as a comprehensive industrial system, a solid policy framework, and the driving role of leading enterprises, while also embracing major historical opportunities, including explosive demand for green and intelligent new ship types, the maturity of enabling digital technology clusters, and strategic impetus from national policies fostering New Quality Productive Forces. During the 15th Five-Year Plan period, coordinated measures should focus on achieving self-reliance in core software and hardware and data standardization, promoting the transformation of business models toward full life-cycle services and networked collaboration, building an industrial new ecosystem characterized by the integration of large, medium, and small enterprises and cross-sector integration, and simultaneously improving the systematic support of standards, regulations, and interdisciplinary talent cultivation. This paper can provide a theoretical basis and decision-making references for relevant departments to formulate the 15th Five-Year Plan for the high-quality development of the shipbuilding industry, serve as action guidelines for the digital and intelligent transformation of shipbuilding enterprises, and offer reference models for the digital and intelligent transformation of other equipment manufacturing industries.

The Outline of the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of China has, for the first time, dedicated a separate chapter to “Advancing the Digital China Initiative and Enhancing the Level of Digital and Intelligent Development”. It emphasizes the advancement of the Artificial Intelligence (AI) Plus Initiative across the board to facilitate AI empowerment in all sectors on all fronts. At the same time, it also underscores the need to remain rooted in the broad and rich Chinese culture, follow the trends of information technology, and make tangible progress in building China into a country with a strong culture. Against this background, smart industrial heritage has become an important development direction for the digital and intelligent protection and utilization of China's industrial heritage, fostering an innovative paradigm in which AI empowers the field of industrial heritage. Its core lies in achieving automated and autonomous protection of industrial heritage through digital and intelligent technologies and fostering new forms of cultural business that deeply integrate culture and technology and offer interactive experiences. This paper reviews the three stages of the evolution of digital and intelligent protection and utilization of industrial heritage, analyzes the value implications of smart industrial heritage for realizing Chinese modernization, and explores the practical paths for promoting the development of smart industrial heritage in China from the perspective of Chinese modernization. This paper finds that smart industrial heritage has undergone a triple paradigm shift:from passive protection to active management, from single-site protection to landscape construction, and from physical object preservation to digital value development. This shift has not only helped cities tap their full potential and promoted green transition across the board, but also provided strong support for fostering new drivers of economic growth. On this basis, this paper proposes practical paths, including building a multi-stakeholder collaborative governance mechanism, creating a favorable innovation culture ecosystem, and providing financial support through multiple measures. This paper provides theoretical support and practical references for the development of smart industrial heritage in China and has important theoretical and practical significance for carrying forward the industrial spirit, accelerating efforts to build China into a country with a strong culture, and contributing to Chinese modernization.

During the 15th Five-Year Plan period (2026—2030), the digital and intelligent transformation of China′s automotive industry has entered a critical phase:moving from isolated applications to the restructuring of the entire industrial chain, underpinned by the scale advantages, supply chain completeness, and established electrification foundation of the industry. Based on policy text analysis and international comparative research, this paper systematically examines the achievements, challenges, and institutional supply conditions of the digital and intelligent transformation of China′s automotive industry. The challenges hindering the digital and intelligent transformation of China′s automotive industry are fourfold. First, insufficient provision of public goods, such as standards and interfaces, constrains cross-entity collaboration efficiency. Second, imperfect data property rights and revenue distribution mechanisms limit the market-oriented allocation of data as a factor of production. Third, weak transformation capabilities of small and medium-sized parts suppliers cause a synergy bottleneck in the supply chain. Fourth, spillover effects of international rules shift market access from constraints through border-based measures to process-based governance, significantly increasing fixed compliance costs. Taking the collaborative models of the European Union′s Catena-X, Germany′s International Data Spaces, and Japan′s automotive software platform as examples, this paper mainly analyzes their institutional mechanisms in areas such as the supply of standards as public goods, data sovereignty protection, chain leader leadership, and organizational embeddedness, as well as the implications for the digital and intelligent transformation of China′s automotive industry. Accordingly, this paper proposes that during the 15th Five-Year Plan period, policy instruments for the digital and intelligent transformation of China′s automotive industry should shift from project-based subsidies to institutional supply. Specifically, national unified standards and the provision of public infrastructure should be leveraged to reduce institutional frictions in cross-entity collaboration; systems for rights confirmation, authorization, revenue distribution, trusted circulation, and compliance auditing should be established to improve the allocation efficiency of data factors; chain leader leadership should be harnessed to drive the synchronous digital and intelligent transformation of small and medium-sized enterprises; and institutionalized capacity building for overseas expansion should be strengthened.

With the advancement of the digital and intelligent transformation of the manufacturing industry and the implementation of the strategy to boost China′s strength in manufacturing, digital and intelligent transformation has become the key for the steel industry to enhance its competitiveness and achieve high-quality development during the 15th Five-Year Plan period. During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, China′s steel industry actively carried out innovation activities in digital and intelligent transformation and achieved positive results, such as a significant overall improvement in the digital and intelligent level of the industry, the notable effectiveness of the construction of intelligent steel factories, the deep integration of “artificial intelligence+” to enhance quality and efficiency, and leading enterprises driving the digital and intelligent transformation of the entire industrial chain. Currently, the digital and intelligent transformation of the steel industry faces problems and difficulties, including the need to further solidify the foundation of intelligent manufacturing, severe data silos, insufficient coordination in the digital and intelligent transformation of the industrial chain, and the shortage of talents with digital and intelligent expertise, etc. During the 15th Five-Year Plan period, under the combined effects of national strategic demands, the accelerated development of New Quality Productive Forces, increasing policy support for digital and intelligent transformation, the coupled development of digital and green technologies, and the excellent practical experience, China′s steel industry will build up substantial momentum for digital and intelligent transformation. Based on this analysis, countermeasures and suggestions are proposed, including consolidating the foundation of intelligent manufacturing, focusing on breaking down data barriers, advancing the digital and intelligent transformation of the entire industrial chain, and promoting the integrated development of digital and intelligent education, science and technology, and talents, so as to promote the digital and intelligent transformation of the steel industry during the 15th Five-Year Plan period.

In the context of accelerated evolution of a new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation, New Quality Productive Forces, as a concentrated embodiment of advanced productive forces, urgently call for adaptive changes in the relations of production. The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China clearly pointed out the need to “accelerate the formation of relations of production that are more compatible with New Quality Productive Forces”, providing fundamental guidance and practical directions for building new type of relations of production and promoting high-quality economic development. In this process, it is essential to unswervingly adhere to the basic principles of ensuring the Party′s overall leadership over economic work as the fundamental guarantee, upholding a people-centered philosophy of development, and adapting to the development of New Quality Productive Forces as the practical orientation. Starting from the theoretical and logical framework of political economy, the focus should be on the four key links of social reproduction, namely, production, distribution, exchange, and consumption, to systematically build new type of relations of production that align with the development of New Quality Productive Forces. This includes improving factor allocation through new forms of ownership, promoting rational value distribution through new distribution methods, empowering the flow of factors through new exchange methods, and stimulating the momentum of productive forces through new consumption patterns. Based on considerations of both basic principles and theoretical logic, comprehensive deepening of reform should be used as a driving force, with targeted efforts and coordinated advancement. By building a high-standard socialist market economy, improving systems and mechanisms for high-quality economic development, fostering systems and mechanisms that support comprehensive innovation, and perfecting high-standard opening-up systems and mechanisms, the formation of new type of relations of production can be advanced to realize high-quality economic development.

In recent years, the livestreaming e-commerce market has experienced explosive growth, but traditional supply chain finance struggles to meet the financing needs of e-commerce enterprises, making it crucial to explore solutions to alleviate financing difficulties facing small and medium-sized e-commerce enterprises. This paper focuses on three core parties of livestreaming e-commerce supply chain finance: e-commerce enterprises, livestreaming e-commerce platforms, and financial institutions to study the behavioral strategy equilibrium in the dynamic evolution of the three parties′ long-term cooperation. Blockchain technology is introduced to construct a tripartite dynamic evolutionary game model of livestreaming e-commerce supply chain finance, and the Lyapunov discriminant method is introduced to analyze the equilibrium point and its asymptotic stability of the tripartite dynamic evolutionary model and to investigate the behavioral strategy selection in different situations. By analyzing the asymptotic stability of each party through the dynamic evolutionary game, distinct evolutionary results will appear. By assigning reasonable values to the model, the three parties involved in the game will converge to a stable equilibrium state. The results show that when livestreaming e-commerce platforms exhibit a high probability of active guarantees, financial institutions tend to offer loans, and e-commerce enterprises prefer compliance. When the conversion cost and the potential benefits of losses are large enough, e-commerce enterprises will always choose compliance. Only when the participation probabilities of the three parties are higher than the threshold will they participate in the livestreaming e-commerce supply chain finance business. Once the participation probability of any party is lower than the threshold, and its income obtained from the livestreaming e-commerce supply chain finance business is not enough to offset the potential risks, it will refuse to participate in the business.

The 15th Five-Year Plan period is a crucial stage for laying a solid foundation and making all-round efforts for China to basically achieve socialist modernization. The petrochemical industry is an important pillar of the national economy, and its digital, intelligent, and green transformation directly determines the quality of progress in new industrialization and the modernization of the industrial system. At present, amid profound shifts in the global industrial competition landscape and intensifying resource and environmental constraints, the petrochemical industry is confronted with severe challenges, including prominent structural contradictions, stringent safety production requirements, and rising security risks in industrial and supply chains. Against this macro backdrop, an in-depth exploration of the inherent logic, practical dilemmas, and evolutionary paths of the digital and intelligent transformation in the petrochemical industry carries important academic value and practical significance for formulating medium and long-term development plans for the sector. Theoretical analysis shows that the digital and intelligent transformation can systematically reshape conventional petrochemical production models through mechanisms such as value chain upgrading, green and safe governance, and multi-dimensional innovation-driven development. Leveraging big data, artificial intelligence, and industrial Internet of Things technologies, the petrochemical industry can achieve precise allocation of resource factors, improve production efficiency while effectively alleviating resource and environmental pressures, and establish a digital security defense system that integrates early warning and response. Since the 14th Five-Year Plan period, the petrochemical industry has achieved remarkable progress in the breadth, depth, and effectiveness of the digital and intelligent transformation. Nevertheless, deep-seated problems remain, such as bottlenecks in core technologies in key fields, shortages of cross-industry talents, inadequate adaptation of digital and intelligent technologies to industry-specific demands, and insufficient internal impetus for enterprise transformation. To meet the more urgent transformation and upgrading tasks during the 15th Five-Year Plan period, targeted and effective policy support should be further strengthened. Joint research on core technologies in key fields should be intensified to break through underlying technical bottlenecks constraining industrial development. The cultivation of cross-industry talents integrating petrochemical expertise and digital intelligence capabilities should be accelerated to build a talent development system suited to digital transformation. The integrated application of “operational technology (OT)+information technology (IT)” and “data+mechanism” should be deepened to enable digital technologies to penetrate the basic processes of petrochemical production. Internal impetus for enterprises′ digital and intelligent transformation should be stimulated to achieve a shift from “passive transformation” to “active reform”.

With the rapid development of Internet technology, the problem of fake reviews in e-commerce platforms has become increasingly serious, causing damage to both consumer rights and interests and market order. Even though the detection technology of platforms is constantly upgraded, many unscrupulous merchants still induce consumers to post fake reviews, making such behaviors more covert and damaging consumers′ interests and their trust in platforms. This paper employs the evolutionary game theory to construct a tripartite evolutionary game model involving merchants, consumers, and e-commerce platforms and explores the key factors affecting the strategy selection of each party through the stability analyses of the strategies and equilibrium points of the system. Using Matlab R2018a software for numerical simulation, this paper simulates the impact of the initial probability on evolutionary results and initial evolution paths, verifies the stability of the model and the accuracy of the theoretical analysis, and then conducts a parameter sensitivity analysis in order to find effective strategies for governing fake review behaviors in e-commerce platforms. The findings reveal that the active intervention and supervision of e-commerce platforms facilitate merchants′ evolution toward non-induced positive review strategies and consumers′ evolution toward objective review strategies; when one party′s decision-making probability of fake reviews fluctuates around a specific threshold, the strategies of other decision-making subjects will change accordingly; and the punitive measures of e-commerce platforms are more effective than the incentive measures in curbing merchants′ induced positive review behavior. This paper provides e-commerce platforms with scientific strategies for governing fake review behaviors, helping to enhance user trust, maintain market order, and promote the healthy development of e-commerce.

Against the backdrop of profound adjustments in the global economic landscape and the ongoing advancement of the national innovation-driven development strategy, regional innovation ecosystems, as core vehicles for concentrating innovation factors and stimulating innovation vitality, have become a key engine for promoting high-quality regional economic development. China is currently at a critical stage in its transition from factor-driven growth to innovation-driven development, and building sound and well-ordered regional innovation ecosystems has become an important work at both the national and local levels. However, regional innovation ecosystems in China face practical challenges, including ambiguous role definitions of innovation actors, inefficient flows of innovation resources, and highly restrictive innovation environments. Drawing on niche theory, this paper employs the entropy method, niche suitability models, and evolutionary momentum models to conduct a comprehensive evaluation and spatiotemporal analysis of innovation ecosystems across 31 provincial-level regions (excluding Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan) in China from 2020 to 2024. Based on the evaluation results, they can be categorized into 4 types: innovation-leading, steadily catching-up, breakthrough-constrained, and foundation-building. The findings reveal that, the national niche suitability has remained relatively stable from 2020 to 2024. And a pattern has emerged characterized by the eastern regions taking the lead, the central regions providing support, the western regions striving to catch up, and the northern regions undergoing transformation. Further analyses using σ-convergence and β-convergence tests show that while the gap in niche suitability among regions has narrowed to some extent, a widespread catching-up effect has yet to materialize. On this basis, this paper proposes differentiated policy recommendations in three respects:optimizing the structure of innovation actors, promoting the balanced allocation of resources, and improving the environmental support system. These recommendations aim to address the limitations of existing studies that predominantly focus on evaluating partial regions, lack in-depth spatiotemporal analysis, or fail to incorporate timely updates, thereby contributing to the coordinated development and overall upgrading of innovation ecosystems across China.

As one of the world′s most concentrated regions of emerging markets, Latin America has now become a key participant in the joint construction of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). The BRI also serves as a vital bond in promoting the building of a community with a shared future between China and Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). This paper conducts an in-depth review and systematic analysis of the overall cognitive characteristics of Argentina′s mainstream think tanks regarding the BRI, and reveals the acceptance level, concerns, and cognitive evolution path of Argentina′s intellectual community towards the BRI, aiming to provide a reliable basis for China to carry out foreign cooperation in the LAC. This paper adopts a case study approach, selecting nine influential Argentina′s mainstream think tanks with strong research capabilities and broad policy impact as the core objects of analysis. It systematically collates 20 research reports concerning the BRI released by these think tanks since 2017 and uses them as the basic analysis samples. By combining text analysis with inductive comparison, this paper explores the true positions and multi-level logics of Argentina′s think tanks in their understanding of the BRI. The findings reveal that the overall cognition of the BRI among Argentina′s mainstream think tanks is characterized by “the coexistence of positive affirmation and rational prudence”. On the one hand, most think tanks hold that the BRI provides tangible development opportunities for the LAC, including those in infrastructure construction and financial support. On the other hand, some studies also reflect concerns regarding issues such as the BRI′s long-term development path, institutional transparency, and the deepening of Argentina′s economic dependence on China. It can be observed that while these mainstream think tanks generally recognize the potential and strategic value of the BRI, they also demonstrate a certain degree of defensive mentality during the acceptance process. Therefore, in the joint construction of BRI in the LAC, China should attach greater importance to building strategic communication mechanisms, enhancing cultural understanding, and guiding public opinion, and proactively respond to the core concerns of local think tanks regarding the sustainability, fairness, and reciprocity of cooperation. By introducing an analytical framework of “cognitive drivers”, this paper systematically uncovers the institutional, political, and cultural logics underlying the stances of Argentina′s think tanks toward the BRI. This not only provides a new analytical path for understanding how non-Western countries perceive China′s initiatives, but also offers a reference for comprehensively grasping the attitudes of social elites in Latin American countries, particularly those in Argentina, toward the BRI.

The occurrence of emergencies is contingency. In order to solve the problem of excessive or insufficient reserves when the government reserves emergency materials alone over-or under-stocking of emergency supplies, a cooperation relationship is established between government and enterprises in the form of government-enterprise collaborative stockpiling. Considering the characteristics of material loss, the degree of material loss is reflected in the rotation and renewal cost generated by the loss. A decision-making model is constructed for the government-enterprise collaborative stockpiling with the objective of maximizing the expected profits of enterprises. The optimal form and amount of reserves is derived for enterprises through Stackelberg game theory. The results indicate that the optimal reserve decision of enterprises is influenced by three factors:the government procurement price, the probability of unexpected emergencies, and the cost of enterprise rotation and update. The willingness of enterprises to choose cooperation with the government increases with the probability of unexpected emergencies and government procurement price. Among them, as the cost of rotation updates increases, the physical reserves of the enterprise will correspondingly decrease, and the production capacity reserves will also increase accordingly. Finally, the conclusions obtained are verified through arithmetic numerical examples, providing a scientific basis for enterprise reserve decision-making.

Corporate sustainable innovation is a key driving force for high-quality development and green transformation. Under the guidance of the “dual carbon” goals, the external environment has placed higher requirements on enterprises' environmental, social, and governance (ESG) responsibility fulfillment, and ESG performance has gradually become an important criterion for measuring corporate sustainable development. Using A-share listed companies from 2010 to 2024 as research samples, this paper constructs a multiple regression model to systematically examine the impact of enterprises' ESG responsibility fulfillment on their sustainable innovation capability. By introducing continuous indicators of innovation input and output, this paper characterizes enterprises' sustainable innovation capability from both input and output dimensions. A series of robustness and endogeneity tests are conducted using the instrumental variable method, Heckman two-stage model, propensity score matching (PSM), and other methods. Furthermore, this paper explores the mediating effects of digital transformation and financial flexibility, introduces the degree of industry competition to investigate its moderating effect, and finally conducts heterogeneity analysis based on enterprises' pollution attributes and regional differences. The results show that enterprises' active ESG responsibility fulfillment can significantly improve their sustainable innovation capability, and this conclusion still holds after a series of robustness and endogeneity tests. After distinguishing different dimensions of ESG, it is found that environmental, social, and governance performance all enhance enterprises' sustainable innovation capability, among which social and governance dimensions have more significant promoting effects. Mechanism analysis indicates that ESG responsibility fulfillment can strengthen sustainable innovation capability by promoting corporate digital transformation and improving financial flexibility. The moderating effect test shows that the degree of industry competition positively moderates the relationship between ESG responsibility fulfillment and sustainable innovation. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that the promoting effect of ESG responsibility fulfillment on sustainable innovation capability is more significant in non-heavy polluting enterprises and enterprises located in the eastern and central regions. From the two dimensions of corporate digital transformation and financial flexibility, this paper reveals the internal mechanism of how enterprises' ESG responsibility fulfillment affects their sustainable innovation capability, and points out the heterogeneous effects across industries and regions. It aims to provide theoretical references and managerial implications for enterprises to fulfill ESG responsibilities, enhance their sustainable innovation capability, and promote their high-quality development.

People-centered rural governance is an inevitable requirement for advancing the rural revitalization strategy in the New Era. It represents a concrete practice of translating the people-first philosophy into rural governance practices and a critical strategic measure for building a modern rural governance system. At its core, this philosophy is underpinned by three interrelated logics. First, in terms of theoretical logic, it is rooted in the principle of the people as the subject of historical materialism and time-honored people-centered rural wisdom, laying the theoretical foundation for respecting villagers′ principal position. Second, in terms of historical logic, it carries forward the people-centeredness tradition forged in the community-level governance of the Communist Party of China (CPC). From the establishment of villagers′ principal position after the founding of the People′s Republic of China, to the governance transformation responsive to farmers′ needs following the launch of reform and opening up, and to the full integration of the people-first philosophy into rural governance since the 18th CPC National Congress, the people-centeredness of rural governance has demonstrated clear historical continuity. Third, in terms of practical logic, it is driven by people′s diverse needs for a better life, prompting continuous improvements in the quality and efficiency of rural governance. Such a philosophy has shown strong vitality in practice, supported by the distinctive strengths inherent in the rural governance system with Chinese characteristics. First, Party building leadership serves as the political underpinning, providing strategic direction and overall coordination to ensure targeted policy implementation and translate the Party′s purpose of exercising governance for the people into tangible results. Second, prioritizing people′s wellbeing constitutes its value orientation, with villagers′ satisfaction as the fundamental criterion for evaluating governance performance. Third, collaborative participation acts as the wellspring of vitality, breaking the constraints of unilateral government administration and advancing collaboration, participation, and shared benefits to make governance more democratic and effective. To further deepen this approach, efforts should focus on three dimensions. First, the foundation for collaboration should be consolidated by strengthening the leadership and coordination of village Party organizations, leveraging the synergistic, enabling role of the government and the market, and giving full play to the role of villagers as the main participants, so as to form a governance system where everyone takes their responsibilities. Second, the synergy for participation should be fostered by cementing the ideological foundation for multi-stakeholder collaborative participation, enhancing collaborative participation capacity, and strengthening digital empowerment, to develop a governance model where everyone fulfills their responsibilities. Third, the sharing of development gains should be advanced by improving equitable sharing mechanisms, ensuring inclusive and comprehensive benefits, and perfecting a distribution system where everyone shares in the benefits.

In the era of digital intelligence, the protection of laborers' personal information is facing severe challenges. The current Personal Information Protection Law has difficulties in application in the workplace context. This paper analyzes the specific obstacles faced by the application of these rules in the labor field and explores the path to institutional improvement. This paper finds that due to the unequal status of employers and laborers, consent is easy to become a mere formality in the workplace context, and the clause of “being necessary for human resources management” is transformed into almost unlimited general authorization due to the lack of an objective definition. Facing the above problems, it is necessary to reconstruct the existing rules through legal interpretation or supplementary provisions in labor law based on the principle of preferential protection of labor law and the legal principle of personal information protection. First, it is essential to adjust the application order of the legitimacy basis, position consent as an exception, and establish a tiered notification mechanism. Second, the clause of “being necessary for human resources management” should be narrowly interpreted, with the introduction of dual procedural and substantive review standards. Finally, the burden of proof should be reallocated, and a judicial relief mechanism without adverse consequences should be established. The institutional design of the current personal information processing rules is reasonable, but there is a gap between the application effect in the workplace context and the legislative expectation. Under the premise of adhering to the existing legal framework, it is necessary to return to the core legal principle of the preferential protection of labor law and make targeted adjustments and improvements, so as to achieve a dynamic balance between the protection of laborers' rights and interests and the legitimate management needs of employers. The main innovation of this paper lies in the deep analysis of the structural barriers to the application of general personal information protection rules in the labor field from the perspective of preferential protection of labor law, and the proposal of systematic rule reconstruction, which provides references for correcting the imbalance of rights between employers and laborers and preventing the abuse of algorithms and management rights in the era of digital intelligence.

Industrial intelligence stands as a core lever for advancing the green transformation of China's industrial sector and elevating regional carbon productivity. To deeply dissect its impacts on carbon productivity and the underlying mechanisms, this paper constructs a three-dimensional analytical framework integrating industry, energy, and technology, drawing on panel data from 30 provincial-level regions in Chinese mainland from 2010 to 2022 (excluding Xizang). Employing a fixed-effects model, a mediation effect model, a spatial Durbin model, and a random forest model, this paper systematically analyzes the influence mechanisms, transmission pathways, spatial evolution patterns, and nonlinear characteristics of industrial intelligence on carbon productivity. The findings reveal that industrial intelligence significantly enhances regional carbon productivity and exhibits stage-specific nonlinear evolutionary characteristics; industrial structure upgrading, energy efficiency improvement, and green technological innovation are key mediating channels through which industrial intelligence empowers carbon productivity growth; the empowering effect of industrial intelligence on carbon productivity is more pronounced in underdeveloped regions; spatially, an asymmetric pattern of “local efficiency gains and neighboring region suppression” emerges, primarily driven by factor siphoning in developed regions, homogeneous industrial competition, and inter-provincial gaps in environmental regulation, resulting in significant negative competitive spillovers across provincial-level regions. Based on these results, differentiated policy recommendations are put forward, aiming to provide empirical evidence and decision-making references for narrowing regional gaps in green development and constructing a coordinated emission reduction pattern in China.

With the rapid development of big data technologies, investigative models are undergoing a profound transformation. Owing to its powerful data-processing capacity and advantages in digital analysis, big data investigation has become an important component of modern criminal governance system, serving as a crucial tool for combating intelligent and complex criminal activities. However, while this technology-driven investigative model enhances investigative efficiency, it also significantly expands the boundaries of public power, posing potential threats to personal information security. Drawing on literature analysis, comparative research, normative analysis, and other methods, this paper identifies critical challenges in the field of big data investigation in China, including an incomplete and fragmented legal framework for personal information protection, insufficient constraints on investigative authorities in the process of collecting and processing information, and inadequate remedies for individuals whose rights have been infringed. In the process of empowering judicial practice with digital technologies, a balance between power constraints and rights protection must be achieved. In big data investigation, efforts should focus on establishing a high-level, systematic legal framework for big data investigation through multi-department collaboration, developing a tiered system for the approval, processing, and oversight of personal information data, improving the administrative public interest litigation system for personal information protection, expanding avenues for citizen rights relief, etc. The innovation of this paper lies in introducing, on the basis of existing theories, new measures such as the classification and tiered system of personal data and administrative public interest litigation. These measures not only preserve the effectiveness of big data investigation, but also place stronger constraints on the exercise of public power, so as to promote the coordinated development of technological empowerment and rights protection, fully leverage the positive role of big data in crime prevention and control, and effectively curb the risk of public power abuse, ultimately achieving an organic integration of digital justice and investigative efficiency and promoting the standardized big data investigation within the framework of the rule of law.

Humanistic economics profoundly reveals the inherent correlations and development laws between culture and economic growth, and offers important theoretical guidance for the integration of culture and tourism in such aspects as value stance, methodologies, and practical approaches. Building on existing studies, this paper further proposes integration and regeneration as the core concepts for analyzing the deep integration of culture and tourism. The former refers to the value penetration and systematic integration of cultural elements into economic activities, while the latter manifests as value reshaping and industrial leapfrogging achieved through business form innovation. At different stages of culture-tourism integration practices, regions guided by humanistic economic ideas break down industrial barriers among culture, sports, tourism, agriculture, and commerce via resource consolidation and factor restructuring. They fully leverage the mutual empowerment of culture and the economy, and have formed three practical models: industrial ecosystem restructuring, event and festival-driven development, and digital technology empowerment. Each model boasts distinct strengths and together forms a mutually complementary organic whole. Going forward, efforts should be further intensified to improve development pathways from multiple dimensions, including exploration of humanistic values, application of digital and intelligent technologies, creation of spatial scenarios, and establishment of collaborative governance mechanisms.

The historic convergence of generative artificial intelligence (AI) technology and the continuous optimization of the business environment is driving the gradual realization of human-machine collaboration in government services. In this process, scenario governance has become a key factor determining whether technology can translate into service quality. Drawing on technology empowerment theory and scenario theory, this paper employs a multi-case analysis method to conduct an in-depth examination of the governance outcomes and bottlenecks in four types of scenarios during the process of optimizing the business environment: approval services, market supervision, policy support, and legal guarantees. This paper finds that generative AI technology has a significant empowering effect in government scenario governance, such as optimizing the business environment, and can effectively improve the efficiency of government governance. However, during the practical deployment of the technology, there remain numerous shortcomings, specifically manifested as insufficient adaptability to complex matters, prominent pressure on data security and privacy protection, misalignment between technology iteration and policy development, heightened risks of algorithmic bias, evident technology dependence, weak capacity to resolve complex disputes, and so on. In response to these bottlenecks, this paper proposes measures such as constructing a hierarchical and categorical precision empowerment system, improving collaborative iteration mechanisms, and strengthening risk prevention and control and ethical governance, thereby providing practical references for generative AI to empower the high-quality development of the business environment.

The integrated development of education, science and technology, and talents is an important foundation for promoting high-quality development. New Quality Productive Forces, driven by scientific and technological innovation, are the key to achieving high-quality development. Based on the perspective of collaborative incentives, this paper takes Liaoning Province as the research object to explore the integrated development level of education, science and technology, and talents, and its promoting effect on New Quality Productive Forces. By using the panel data from Liaoning Province from 2013 to 2023, this paper constructs an evaluation indicator system for the integrated development of education, science and technology, and talents. It employs the coupling coordination degree model to calculate the integrated development level, uses the system dynamics model to simulate the improvement paths and dynamic effects of the integrated development level under multi-dimensional collaborative incentives, and analyzes the collaborative mechanism between explicit and implicit incentives. The results show that there is a significant coupling and coordinated relationship between the systems of education, science and technology, and talents and regional New Quality Productive Forces. Collaborative incentives can produce an emergent effect of “1+1+1>3”. The activation effect of the coordination of explicit and implicit incentives can effectively cultivate new quality workers and enhance regional innovation capabilities, which is the core driving force for promoting the integrated development of education, science and technology, and talents. Although Liaoning Province has the advantages of high-quality higher education resources and a solid industrial foundation, it still needs to optimize the talent introduction and cultivation mechanisms, deepen the integration of industry, university, and research, and integrate multi-dimensional incentive policies to enhance the overall system efficiency and promote the continuous emergence of New Quality Productive Forces. This paper aims to provide theoretical references and policy implications for Liaoning Province and similar regions to promote the deep integration of education, science and technology, and talents, and optimize collaborative incentive policies.

The value generation and significance evolution of industrial culture run through the entire process of human industrialization, whose core lies in the concentrated reflection of the contradictory movement between productive forces and production relations from the perspective of historical materialism at the ideological and cultural level. Based on the classical expositions of Marx and Engels as the theoretical foundation, this paper clarifies that industrial culture is a comprehensive cultural form characterized by the three-dimensional synergy and unity of the material, spiritual, and institutional dimensions. It systematically analyzes the internal driving mechanisms of its evolution from the technological, social, and cultural logics, and comprehensively sorts out the complete evolutionary context of industrial culture in the three historical stages:initial industrialization, middle and late industrialization, and post-industrialization. Industrial culture has gradually transformed from mechanical worship and efficiency supremacy to technological ethics, sustainable development, and humanistic care. This paper also deeply interprets the deep-seated contradictions, such as the excessive expansion of instrumental rationality in industrial culture development. The evolution of industrial culture is essentially a dynamic process in which instrumental rationality and value rationality move from opposition toward dialectical unity. The value realization of industrial culture relies on the coordinated support of the productive forces base, institutional environment, and cultural consciousness. The development of industrial culture presents distinct developmental trends:from production-oriented dominance to diversified significance, from Western-centrism to pluralistic symbiosis, and from physical vehicles to virtual-real integration. To promote the innovative development of industrial culture of China in the New Era, it is essential to realize the value goal as the fundamental position of people's free and well-rounded development and actively promote the in-depth integration of industrial culture with digital technology, ecological civilization, and local civilization. This is not only the inevitable outcome of the historical evolution of industrial culture but also an essential path to solving the current practical dilemmas such as the unbalanced development and inheritance disruption of contemporary industrial culture, constructing a modern industrial culture system that integrates deep historical roots, contemporary features, and Chinese characteristics, injecting spiritual momentum into the development of new industrialization, and supporting the building of a country with a strong culture.

As a “global model of institutional civilization”, intellectual property serves to underpin the missions of economic transformation, the function of innovation-driven development, and the requirement for fair competition in fostering New Quality Productive Forces in the private economy through its impacts on economic contribution, innovation guidance, market regulation, and so on. Currently, the intellectual property legal safeguards for developing New Quality Productive Forces in the private economy still face challenges and difficulties, including insufficient alignment of intellectual property frameworks with the new development philosophy, inadequate support from the intellectual property system for comprehensive innovation, and a lack of integrated development in the legal governance of intellectual property. Therefore, the intellectual property legal safeguards for advancing the development of New Quality Productive Forces in the private economy should emphasize the overarching guidance provided by the New Development Philosophy in intellectual property efforts more than ever, modernize the intellectual property system that ensures both development and security, and promote the integrated improvement of the three mechanisms of intellectual property:incentives, commercialization, and protection. These measures aim to achieve optimal synergy between the high-quality development of New Quality Productive Forces in the private economy and the high-quality advancement of intellectual property legal safeguards under multiple constraints.

Shared manufacturing has attracted extensive attention for its role in improving production efficiency and optimizing resource allocation. However, most existing studies inadequately address energy consumption and carbon emissions during production processes. To promote the sustained development of shared manufacturing, this paper investigates resource scheduling and optimization problems from the perspective of energy conservation and emission reduction. A multi-objective production scheduling optimization model is developed with the respective goals of minimizing costs and production time, and minimizing energy consumption and carbon emissions. To solve the model, a hybrid optimization algorithm is proposed by integrating the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm with particle swarm optimization. Using real-world data for empirical analysis, the results show that: (1) as production utility increases, carbon emissions and energy consumption rise, with an accelerating marginal growth rate; (2) comparative analysis based on different weight settings for production cost and maximum production time indicates that a higher weight assigned to production cost is associated with greater production utility, suggesting that platform operators should place greater emphasis on cost control; (3) comparisons between the proposed hybrid genetic algorithm incorporating particle swarm optimization and other algorithms demonstrate that the hybrid approach achieves faster convergence and yields higher-quality solutions, thereby validating the applicability of the model. The findings provide a basis for advancing energy conservation and emission reduction efforts and for promoting the sustained development of shared manufacturing.

To address the diverse purchasing and returning needs of customers for different shared warehouses, unreasonable distribution of shared warehouse locations, and high total logistics costs, the issues of location selection of shared warehouses are studied with multiple suppliers and integrated forward and reverse logistics. A shared warehouse location model is built that integrates forward and reverse logistics, with the goal of minimizing the total logistics cost including shared warehouse location cost, third-party transportation cost, order cost, inventory cost, and return cost. An improved genetic algorithm is designed based on the characteristics of the model, and the monarchy scheme is used instead of traditional selection and crossover operations to enhance overall search capability. Numerical examples for simulation experiments are introduced to analyze the impact of different parameters on the average running time, average cost, and minimum solution of the experiment, and the optimal location and minimum logistics cost of the shared warehouse are obtained. The experimental results have demonstrated the effectiveness of the model and the operational efficiency of the algorithm, reducing logistics costs and improving logistics efficiency.