Employment is the foundation of people′s livelihood and economic development. To achieve fuller and higher-quality employment is a necessary requirement for making solid progress in promoting common prosperity in China. The digital economy, as an important driving force to advance Chinese modernization, contributes to high-quality employment in multiple dimensions, including the employment structure, employment boundary, employment quality, and regional equilibrium. However, it has also triggered a series of social problems, such as the supply and demand mismatch in the labor market, structural employment contradictions, industry involution, and algorithmic hegemony. Therefore, exploring the impact of digital economy on China′s employment holds profound significance for achieving higher-quality employment and promoting common prosperity. As China′s economy moves towards a new stage of high-quality development, it should involve strengthening support for digital employment, optimizing the employment environment, improving employment-first policies, and standardizing labor management systems in platform-based enterprises during the process of promoting digital industrialization and industrial digitalization. With the fundamental goal of narrowing the gap between the rich and the poor and achieving common prosperity, it is crucial to develop a more inclusive digital economy and transform limited human capital into a new driver of high-quality economic development. Only in this way can China build resilient industrial and supply chains, fully energize its super-large market, and lay a solid foundation for inclusive economic growth and high-quality employment under the New Development Pattern.

In the face of increasingly complex economic situation in the world, the integration of business development with digital technology application has accelerated enterprise digital transformation, making it a key strategy for enterprise adaptation. Against the backdrop of shrinking foreign trade demand, the impact of enterprise digital transformation on export resilience has received growing attention from both academia and industry. Using data from the CSMAR database and annual reports of listed companies, this paper takes the 2020 public health crisis as an exogenous shock and applies a Difference-in-Differences (DID) approach to examine how enterprise digital transformation affects export resilience and its underlying mechanisms. The baseline results show that digitally transformed enterprises exhibit stronger export resilience after the shock, demonstrating the positive role of digital transformation in enhancing export resilience. The findings remain robust and highly credible across multiple tests. Mechanism analysis reveals that the current ratio plays a positive mediating role in the effect of digital transformation on export resilience, implying that digital transformation strengthens export resilience under external shocks by enhancing financial liquidity. Furthermore, digital transformation can significantly alleviate insufficient innovation investment, thereby improving export resilience. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the positive effect of digital transformation on export resilience is more pronounced in state-owned enterprises and enterprises in the eastern region of China. This paper aims to enrich the current academic findings on the effect of digital transformation and provide empirical evidence for enterprises developing digital transformation strategies.

Ordered to await investigation, as a non-custodial compulsory measure added in the new Supervision Law, has the dual functions of ensuring the efficiency of supervision procedures and restricting the arbitrary exercise of power. However, its alignment with the principles of the rule of law and rights protection still need to be improved. This paper analyzes the nature orientation and value guidance of ordered to await investigation, arguing that the current norms suffer from ambiguities in legal application, inadequate rights protection of persons ordered to await investigation, and unclear connection mechanism between ordered to await investigation and criminal procedural compulsory measures. These legislative omissions have expanded the discretionary space for the operation of the supervision power and increased the risk of the procedural justice and rights protection being nullified. Based on the value orientation of the rule of law and rights protection, the improvement of the system needs to be premised on legislative refinement. This can be achieved by clarifying the specific legal application of ordered to await investigation, perfecting the rights relief system for persons ordered to await investigation, reducing the space for the abuse of discretion by incorporating the principle of proportionality review and establishing a hierarchical approval procedure, strengthening the external supervision mechanism for rights relief, integrating the procuratorial organs into the supervision objection and appeal procedure, and refining the substantive connection rules between ordered to await investigation and criminal procedural compulsory measures. Only by promoting the rule of law transformation of the operation of supervision power and the coordinated optimization of the rights protection mechanism can the dynamic balance between anti-corruption governance effectiveness and procedural justice be achieved, and sustained legal impetus be injected into the supervision system reform.

In recent years, China′s digital economy has developed rapidly, and digital technologies such as artificial intelligence and big data have also shown accelerated growth, which has become an important force in improving urban carbon productivity. This paper selects panel data from prefecture-level cities in China from 2010 to 2022 for empirical testing and employs a two-way fixed effects model for benchmark regression analysis. Then, this paper conducts robustness tests by replacing the dependent variable and changing the sample size, performs heterogeneity tests across different regions, and carries out transmission mechanism tests by enhancing green technology innovation capabilities and promoting industrial structure upgrading. The research results indicate that the digital economy promotes urban carbon productivity by enhancing green technology innovation capabilities and promoting industrial structure upgrading. Based on these findings, this paper proposes countermeasures and suggestions, such as breaking through digital technology barriers, enhancing innovation capabilities, narrowing the digital divide between different regions, promoting regional coordinated development, optimizing industrial and energy structures to improve carbon productivity, and fully leveraging the role of green technology innovation in boosting carbon productivity.

The relationship between the digital economy and residents′ cultural consumption involves not only micro-level issues closely related to residents′ daily lives but also macro-level issues concerning the formulation of cultural consumption policies in China. By combining macro and micro data, this paper constructs an evaluation index system for China′s digital economic development from three aspects: digital infrastructure, digital application, and digital innovation. It calculates the comprehensive index of digital economic development for 30 provincial-level regions in China (excluding Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, and Xizang) from 2011 to 2021 and empirically examines the impact of digital economic development on households′ cultural consumption level and its mechanism. This paper finds that the digital economy significantly enhances households′ cultural consumption level, with significant heterogeneity among households at different life cycle stages, with different income levels, and in different regions. Specifically, the digital economy exerts the most significant positive effect on cultural consumption in households with a household head aged 60 and above, followed by those with a household head aged 30 to 39; it most significantly boosts cultural consumption in upper-middle-income households, with high-income households ranking second; and the promoting effect of the digital economy on the central and western regions is greater than that on the eastern region. The results of the mediation effect test show that the digital economy elevates households′ cultural consumption level by increasing per capita net income on the demand side and facilitating industrial structure upgrading on the supply side. Therefore, it is necessary to actively encourage the innovative development of the digital cultural industry, enrich the supply of digital cultural products to meet the cultural consumption needs of different groups, and at the same time cultivate and expand new forms of digital cultural consumption, expand cultural consumption scenarios, and release the potential of digital cultural consumption.

As an important path to promote common prosperity, the inclusive development of digital technology has significantly optimized the income distribution pattern by empowering the three distribution mechanisms. Based on the Inclusive Green Development Follow-up Survey (IGDS) data in the first quarter of 2024, this paper systematically examines the impact of digital technology on primary, secondary, and tertiary distribution. The findings are as follows. At the primary distribution level, digital skills have significantly improved workers′ income levels by reconstructing the labor market, with the income growth effect being particularly prominent among groups with high digital skills. However, skill stratification has exacerbated the income gap. At the secondary distribution level, the transformation of government governance driven by digital technology has effectively improved the fairness and efficiency of the secondary distribution policies through intelligent tax supervision, precise social security, and digital public services. At the tertiary distribution level, digital technology has increased charitable donations by reducing participation costs, enhancing information transparency, and broadening donation channels, initially shaping a collaborative mechanism between marketization and socialization. Nevertheless, the digital divide persists, manifested as the structural disadvantages of rural and low-skilled groups in terms of access to, use of, and benefit from technology. Based on this, it is proposed a four-dimensional policy system of “digital skills training-balanced infrastructure-digital and intelligent taxation-charity transparency” to consolidate the institutional foundation of common prosperity through the inclusive development of digital technology.

Modern economic development has offered vast non-agricultural employment choices for the rural labor force. Nevertheless, this off-farm behavior has simultaneously challenged the traditional labor-intensive agricultural production model. As the land plots contracted by rural households in China are generally small in size, it is difficult to mitigate the agricultural production losses resulting from rural labor force outflows by using large-scale agricultural mechanization. In response to this practical predicament, the Chinese government is actively promoting the rural land transfer policy, aiming to optimize the allocation of land resources and enhance agricultural production efficiency to adapt to the changes in the labor structure. However, it remains undetermined whether such behavior can alleviate the contradiction between rural labor transfer and agricultural production. To explore whether rural land transfer alleviates the agricultural production disturbance caused by rural labor transfer and its threshold level, we conduct an empirical study on this issue using the sample of rural households from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study database in 2018 and contrast it with the sample in 2013 when the rural land transfer policy was not yet widely implemented. The polynomial regression and threshold regression analysis are innovatively conducted, in which agricultural productivity is the explained variable, rural labor transfer is the core explanatory variable, and rural land transfer is the threshold variable. (1) The rate of rural labor transfer, and the rate of rural land transfer in 2018 all exceed those in 2013, indicating that the three are experiencing profound changes. (2) The impact of rural labor transfer on agricultural productivity in 2018 presents a U-shaped pattern of first decreasing and then increasing, with no significant relationship between the two in 2013. By dividing the sample into two parts based on whether rural land transfer has occurred and re-conducting the polynomial regression, it is discovered that rural households who choose land transfer can significantly enhance agricultural productivity with the transfer of labor force, suggesting that rural land transfer might be a crucial reason for the alteration in the relationship between the two. (3) The agricultural productivity exerts a significant single threshold effect. When the average rural land transfer area of rural households in this sample exceeds 20.83% of the contracted rural land, rural labor transfer can significantly improve agricultural productivity, namely that promoting rural land transfer is conducive to achieving a win-win situation of non-agricultural employment for rural households and the enhancement of agricultural productivity. (4) For rural households whose land rights have been confirmed and those in grain-producing areas, the threshold value of rural land transfer is lower than the average level of the sample, namely that a relatively low degree of the threshold of rural land transfer can achieve a positive impact of rural labor transfer on agricultural productivity. Based on this, we propose that rural land transfer should continue to be promoted, and in the overall direction of rural land transfer, more emphasis should be placed on the land area transferred rather than expanding the number of rural households participating in the transfer. Additionally, it is necessary to accelerate the confirmation of land rights and implement differentiated rural land transfer scale strategies based on local conditions to adapt to the needs of different rural households and the characteristics of local agricultural development.

Marx′s theory of labor liberation is not only a profound criticism of labor alienation in capitalist society but also a positive exploration of reconstruction of labor relations in future social forms. In the context of the digital economy, the rapid development of digital and intelligent technologies has profoundly changed traditional forms of labor and labor relations, and labor subjects seem to have favorable conditions for labor liberation. However, capital exploitation hidden behind the digital economy has also shackled the liberation of labor subjects profoundly. The new escalation of labor alienation and issues such as power imbalance caused by capital exploitation have triggered a series of paradoxes about the liberation of labor subjects in the context of the digital economy. While the digital economy brings opportunities for the liberation of labor subjects, it also exposes workers to the dilemma of losing their subjectivity and intensifying alienation. The reasons for the formation of the paradox of labor subject liberation can be attributed to four aspects: firstly, the private ownership system and traditional forms of division of labor still dominate; secondly, workers are gradually marginalized under the intensification of capital domination; thirdly, social equity and justice are facing challenges from the digital divide; fourthly, the imperfection of relevant policies and laws has led to the inability to guarantee the basic rights and interests of workers. In order to seek the liberation of labor subjects in the context of the digital economy, it is necessary to improve the literacy of workers to meet the development needs of New Quality Productive Forces, create fair and orderly principles and institutional norms for digital labor to safeguard labor justice, adhere to the people-centered value orientation and break the shackles of capital logic, and deepen the reform in the field of division of labor and construct a modern division of labor order that is compatible with the level of social and economic development. These paths are interrelated and mutually reinforcing, collectively constituting an effective path to break through the paradox of labor subject liberation in the context of the digital economy. They provide multidimensional solutions to reveal the complex relationship between technological progress and labor subject liberation.

From the perspective of a holistic approach to national security, the prevention and control of the invasion of alien species not only hold traditional values such as safeguarding agricultural and pastoral production security, economic and trade security, food security, and human health and safety, but also embodies the value of the times in ensuring biosecurity and enhancing national security capabilities and sustainability in the biological field. China′s inspection and quarantine system for the entry and exit of animals and plants, initially established to prevent the introduction of pests and diseases, has progressively developed into a relatively comprehensive legal framework for biosecurity assurance guided by the risk prevention principle of the Biosecurity Law. However, in terms of the legal regulation nowadays of the prevention and control of the invasion of alien species, several critical issues remain unresolved, such as the ambiguous basic concepts, the lack of standards for the identification of regulatory objects, the incomplete implementation of the risk prevention principle, the fragmented regulatory measures, and the regulatory blind spots, etc., making it difficult to fully ensure biosecurity and national security. From the perspective of a holistic approach to national security, it is necessary to take the compilation of the overarching Ecological Environment Code for the ecological and environmental sector as an good opportunity to systematically consider by placing the prevention and control of the invasion of alien species within a broader context of the modernization of harmony between humanity and nature. This legislative effort should clarify the legal definition of the invasion of alien species, establish a whole-process legal supervision system for risk prevention and damage prevention separately based on risk levels according to “general alien species” and “invasive alien species”, construct an interconnected, interactive, and integrated prevention and control system under the whole-process prevention and control principle characterized by internal coordination among administrative agencies, and collaborative participation from diverse social stakeholders, and encourage public participation in the prevention and control of the invasion of alien species.

Since the implementation of publicity institution of judgement documents for more than ten years, the court′s judgement documents have gradually changed from closed to open and made great progress. From the external perspective, the publicity of judgement documents effectively guarantees the public′s right to know and right to supervise, and plays an incomparably positive role in unifying judgment standards, regulating judicial behaviors, assisting the construction of social credit system, enhancing the credibility of judiciary, and promoting legal education and research. However, from the internal perspective, the court faces some problems in the publicity of judgment documents, such as the damage to judicial authority, the increased judicial costs, the conflict with protection of privacy, and the increased risk of negative public opinion. The difference of internal and external perspectives provokes the debates on how to promote and improve the publicity institution of judgment documents, whose essence is the conflict between “costs and benefits” of publicity of judgement documents, especially the insufficient allocation of judicial resources becomes the Achilles′ Heel of publicity of judgment documents. In order to achieve the goal of lawful, comprehensive, timely and standardized publicity of judgement documents, it should be started from two aspects of transferring costs and reducing costs. It is not only necessary to clarify the responsibility for the publicity of judgement documents, but also to expand the technical embedding space for publicity of judgement document, enhance the judicial capacity to handle disputes, establish a unified publicity mode for dedicated personnel, and establish rules and regulations for the utilization of judgement documents, so as to make the publicity of judgement documents be carried out steadily and farther by improving judicial resource support.

Since the mid-20th century, economic, social, and environmental problems have intertwined under the logic of capital. Among them, ecological crisis and consumption alienation profoundly reflect the organic interaction among capital, nature, and society, which deeply reflect the dual alienation of nature and society in modern capitalist society as well as the internal unity of human alienation and world alienation. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to re-examine the complex interaction between ecological crisis and consumption alienation from the critical context of Marxist political economy. Taking Aristotle′s Four Causes theory as an analytical framework, this paper analyzes the homogeneity of ecological crisis and consumption alienation in terms of material, formal, efficient, and final causes. By revealing the deep-seated reasons, action mechanisms, and governance dilemmas of the metabolic rift between man and nature under the logic of capital, it further expounds on the importance and urgency of constructing a community of life for man and nature. This paper shows that in the social-ecological system of capitalism, the homogeneity of ecological crisis and consumption alienation is manifested in the following aspects: in terms of the material cause, both man and nature have become the factors of production of capitalism involved in capital accumulation and value proliferation, which serve as the basis of their homogeneity; its efficient cause is jointly shaped by the accelerated operation of production and consumption treadmill driven by the logic of capital; its final cause lies in the misplacement of ecological values and the deviation of consumption meanings under the dual control of man and nature in capitalist society; in the aspect of formal cause, it is manifested in the metabolic rift between man and nature, that is, the irreparable rifts between men and between man and the external world, which is the final result of the homogeneity of the two. It has been proved that the conflict between man and nature and the contradiction between production and consumption ultimately stem from the opposition and contradiction among humans, all of which are rooted in the capitalist system. However, capitalism cannot fundamentally extricate itself from the dual dilemma of ecological crisis and consumption alienation. In this case, reshaping a better human ecological civilization in a socialist ecological civilization that emphasizes ecological justice and sustainable social development has become the right and necessary way to build a community of life for man and nature and to achieve the dual liberation of man and nature.

Digital twin technology, as a key technology to break through the core bottleneck of interaction and integration between the physical and information worlds in manufacturing, is an important means to achieve intelligent manufacturing. To deeply explore the influencing factors of digital twin technology adoption in manufacturing enterprises and reveal its internal mechanism and driving logic, a four-dimensional index system of technology, organization, environment, and economy is constructed based on literature analysis and expert interviews. The DEMATEL-ISM method is adopted to systematically analyze the causal relationship and hierarchical structure of the influencing factors, and ultimately 16 main influencing factors are identified. These factors are distributed in the four quadrants of the causal relationship coordinate, forming an 8-level hierarchical explanation structure model. The research results show that government incentive policies, data security and privacy protection, and digital twin maturity exhibit the highest influence degree and are the root factors of the system; industrial chain collaboration and cooperation and application benefits demonstrate the highest centrality, while intelligent infrastructure represents the lowest-level root factor. Factors in the technological and economic dimensions constitute the main influencing paths, while factors in the environmental dimension connect and act on the main paths, ultimately affecting the surface-level organizational dimension factors. Specifically, intelligent infrastructure, data security and privacy protection, and digital twin maturity, three factors in the technological dimension, are the key factors driving manufacturing enterprises to adopt digital twin technology. At the same time, government incentive policies, application benefits, and industrial chain collaboration and cooperation in the environmental, organizational, and economic dimensions play an important role in the decision-making process. Based on this, targeted suggestions are put forward, aiming to provide strong theoretical support and practical guidance for the digital transformation and intelligent upgrading of the manufacturing industry.

In the New Era of artificial intelligence (AI) technology empowering education, this paper focuses on the mechanism innovation of enhancing the effectiveness of postgraduate training through AI technology from the perspective of the integration of industry, academia, and research. In response to the three structural contradictions of current technological detachment, data silos, and lagging evaluation, based on the four-dimensional theoretical framework of technology empowerment, management coordination, human-machine collaboration, and ecological evolution, a progressive closed-loop model of “tool breakthrough→resource coordination→evaluation innovation→system reconstruction” is constructed. Through a mixed research method, an empirical analysis is conducted on postgraduate training through the integration of industry, academia, and research at four typical enterprises, and shows that the inherent law of industry-academia-research collaboration is driven by the tripartite synergy of technological integration as the foundation, resource coordination as the wings, and institutional alignment as the axis, together propelling a leap in the effectiveness of capability transformation. The results indicate that the four-dimensional model systematically resolves the problems of delayed training responsiveness and inefficient innovation transformation through a tripartite mechanism of “technology embedding-resource connectivity-institutional guarantee”, providing a replicable new paradigm for postgraduate education in the AI era.

Promoting the deep integration of the innovation chain, industrial chain, capital chain, and talent chain (“four chains”) is an important path for enhancing national industrial competitiveness and achieving high-quality economic development. Based on the panel data of 31 provincial-level regions in China (excluding Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan) from 2014 to 2023, an evaluation index system for the “four chains” in the manufacturing industry is constructed. The Critic-entropy weight method is used to determine the weights, and the coupling coordination degree model is employed to quantify their synergy level. Further, a spatial analysis framework is established, and the kernel density estimation, global Moran′s I index, LISA time path, and Theil index decomposition methods are successively adopted to conduct empirical research from the aspects of distribution dynamics, spatial correlation, agglomeration stability, and sources of differences. The results show that from 2014 to 2023, the coupling coordination degree of the “four chains” presented a spatial pattern of “high in the southeast and low in the northwest”, with the national average shifting from fluctuation to stability. Low-value provincial-level regions accelerated their catch-up, while high-value provincial-level regions saw a slowdown in growth. The kernel density map displayed the characteristics of “wider bandwidth, lower main peak, and rightward shift of the tail”, indicating a slow expansion of regional differences. Spatial correlation was significant, showing an agglomeration pattern of “high-high” and “low-low” adjacency. The Theil index analysis indicated that the overall difference gradually increased to 0.025, with intra-group differences still dominant but the contribution rate declined during the periods of 2015—2016; inter-group differences continued to increase, with the contribution of the North China regions decreasing, while that of the South China and Southwest China regions increasing, becoming the primary source of regional differences. This paper, by integrating the analysis chain of “spatial distribution-correlation stability-sources of differences”, reveals the spatiotemporal evolution mechanism of the “four chains” integration, providing empirical evidence and policy references for optimizing regional industrial layout and resource allocation.

The integration of digital technology into grassroots governance has become a new trend in modernizing the capacity for governance. The construction of digital villages in China still faces numerous challenges. The decline of farmers′ subjectivity has affected the level, quality, and effectiveness of digital technology governance in rural areas, which is a practical issue that urgently needs to be addressed in the new development stage. Subjectivity is a prominent feature of modernity, which can be understood as the characteristics of autonomy, agency, self-action, and creativity that humans exhibit in practice activities. Farmer′s subjectivity refers to an attribute that farmers can correctly recognize their status and role, and consciously, purposefully, and actively participate in practical and creative activities based on practical needs. It is an organic unity of independence, agency, autonomy, and creativity. In the process of allocating digital technology governance resources to rural areas, the decline of farmers′ subjectivity has become a practical obstacle hindering rural governance digitalization. The effectiveness of the digital transformation of rural technology governance depends not only on the degree of digital technology integration, but also on whether the deployment of these technologies meets the practical needs of farmers. The fulfillment of farmers′ subjective needs mainly relies on the effective utilization of supply mechanisms, participation mechanisms, operation mechanisms, and cultivation mechanisms. Improving farmers′ subjectivity from aspects such as stimulating farmers′ autonomous awareness, awakening farmers′ initiative potential, strengthening farmers′ self-action status, and mobilizing farmers′ creative vitality can highlight the subjective status of farmers in rural digital governance and truly achieve “effective governance” in rural areas. Rural governance digitalization is not a static goal or linear development, but a dynamic process of continuous improvement and optimization. To promote rural governance digitalization, rural society should be shifted from “following the example of superiors” to “linking up and down”, achieve internal and external synergy and coordination, and promote the effective manifestation of farmers′ subjectivity. This paper explores the manifestations of the decline of farmers′ subjectivity in the field of rural technology governance and its blocking factors, clarifies the logical relationship of the four aspects of farmers′ subjectivity in rural governance digitalization based on Marxist subjectivity theory, and discusses the paths for reshaping farmers′ subjectivity in the process of rural governance digitalization, providing a feasible approach for modernizing the capacity for rural grassroots governance.

Authorized operation of public data, as a crucial means of unlocking the value of public data as a factor of production, has been explored and practiced in various regions across China. However, due to variations in model compatibility and regional suitability, the implementation outcomes have been inconsistent. This paper conducts an in-depth analysis of 27 local regulations or policy texts. Based on clarifying the relevant concepts of authorized operation of public data, it summarizes three authorized operation models:unified authorization, hierarchical authorization, and scenario-specific authorization. By establishing a three-level evaluation framework and quantitatively analyzing the implementation practices in 13 representative regions, this paper examines the advantages and disadvantages of each model and reveals that the scenario-specific authorization model currently represents the optimal solution. Accordingly, this paper proposes improving the scenario-specific authorization model by refining access mechanisms and implementing full-process supervision involving multiple stakeholders, promoting the comprehensive application of authorized operation models tailored to local conditions, and strengthening innovative development of these models based on existing practices, aiming to provide theoretical support and practical references for the effective promotion of authorized operation models of public data nationwide and further activating the potential of data factors.

The low-altitude economy epitomizes New Quality Productive Forces and serves as a key component of strategic emerging industries, increasingly functioning as a new engine of economic growth. Its safe and sound development relies heavily on the construction of low-altitude infrastructure. In recent years, boosted by policy guidance and market demand, China has made tangible progress in developing low-altitude infrastructure, characterized by the coordinated advancement of physical and digital infrastructure. Through pilot and demonstration programs, some regions have pioneered initial models of commercial operation and multi-scenario application. This paper systematically reviews the current situation of low-altitude infrastructure development, conducts an in-depth analysis of its core challenges, and innovatively proposes a three-dimensional collaborative classification framework based on function, hierarchy, and object, deepening the understanding of the institutional architecture of low-altitude infrastructure and more comprehensively clarifying its core connotations and operational logic. This paper reveals that, despite initial achievements, China′s low-altitude infrastructure construction remains constrained by multiple factors, including inadequate top-level design, inconsistent standard systems, insufficient regional coordination, ambiguous division of roles between the government and the market, and the incompatibility between conventional airspace management and low-altitude economy development. Based on an in-depth analysis of the problems, this paper proposes a series of countermeasures: improving laws, regulations, and strategic planning; establishing an integrated standard system; adopting differentiated regional development strategies; optimizing government-market coordination mechanisms; and reforming and innovating airspace management. These efforts aim to provide theoretical support for strengthening the “aerial foundation” of the low-altitude economy, unlocking its trillion-yuan market potential, and promoting its large-scale development nationwide. This paper recommends that future priorities be directed toward advancing intelligent upgrades, fostering multi-scenario integration, and optimizing dynamic operations, while leveraging international experience to chart a path for the high-quality development of China′s low-altitude economy.

“Chinese modernization” and “striving in unity” are iconic concepts emphasized in the report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC). Unlike the previously emphasized notions of “striving diligently” and “working tirelessly”, the report integrates striving in unity with the cause of national modernization and elevates it to the thematic height of the National Congress of the CPC, and highlights the significant value of the spirit of striving in unity. This paper aims to apply the principles of analysis and synthesis, as well as the unity of logic and history, to reveal the cultural imprint, valuable experience, scientific path, and grand practice of Chinese modernization endeavors from the perspective of striving in unity. Striving in unity is historical experience formed through the CPC′s century-long journey of endeavors and is an essential element of adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times in the new era. It provides indispensable ideological guarantees and spiritual motivation for addressing various practical challenges on the journey ahead and for advancing the great cause of Chinese modernization. In the process of the CPC leading the Chinese people of all ethnic groups in a concerted effort to build China into a modern socialist country in all respects and to advance the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation on all fronts, striving in unity has demonstrated its success-promoting functions through cultural accumulation, experiential summarization, theoretical guidance, and methodological generalization. These functions form a comprehensive system with a clear theme, well-defined main line, firm argumentation, and standardized principles. This system answers critical questions about the profound cultural foundation, rich experience, rigorous theories, and robust development of Chinese modernization. Researching Chinese modernization from the perspective of striving in unity breaks through traditional, singular research paradigms. It offers a holistic and stratified analysis of striving in unity and Chinese modernization from both micro and macro dimensions, revealing the theoretical and practical significance of integrating striving in unity into the cause of Chinese modernization. In the face of profound changes in the global, national, and Party contexts in the new era, exploring Chinese modernization endeavors within the framework of striving in unity unveils broader theoretical and contemporary significance. This proposition not only summarizes historical experience but also addresses current practical needs, contributing to carrying out the spirit of striving in unity and the development of Chinese modernization on the new journey ahead. It is further conducive to amassing tremendous strength for creating a bright future for the Chinese nation and achieving its great rejuvenation.

The Global Development Initiative is a vivid embodiment and important practice of the vision of building a community with a shared future for mankind in the field of global development, charting a clear course for advancing global development causes and international development cooperation. The Global Development Initiative adheres to “six core principles” and has rich connotations. Development represents the fundamental path to creating social wealth and driving social progress, while improving people′s well-being serves as the fundamental starting point and ultimate goal of development. The Global Development Initiative calls on the international community to pay closer attention to development issues, strengthen communication, coordination and practical cooperation, and continuously enhance the well-being of people in all countries. Aiming at current challenges such as the widening North-South development divide, insufficient momentum for global economic growth, and worsening environmental pollution, the Global Development Initiative emphasizes that all countries should enjoy equal access to development opportunities. It advocates strengthening innovation-driven development, stimulating economic growth vitality through scientific and technological innovation, and correctly handling the relationship between economic and social development and ecological environmental protection to promote the harmony between humanity and nature. Adhering to a results-oriented action approach, the Global Development Initiative proposes key cooperation areas, including poverty reduction, food security, development financing, and the digital economy, focusing on addressing the most pressing challenges faced by developing countries. As an open and inclusive global development governance proposal put forward by China, the Global Development Initiative is not only an inevitable choice to address the global development deficit and promote common development among all countries, but also an effective pathway to advance the implementation of 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development of the United Nations. Furthermore, it is an important international public good that embodies China′s development experience and wisdom, and meets the needs of global development under the new circumstances. Since the Global Development Initiative was proposed, China has continuously strengthened policy communication with relevant parties, established cooperation mechanisms, launched practical cooperation by addressing the most urgent current issues, and promoted the initiative to achieve positive progress. In the future, China should continue to strengthen mechanism construction, coordinate the Global Development Initiative, the Belt and Road Initiative, and the Global Security Initiative, enhance cooperation with the United Nations and its agencies, promote the solidarity and cooperation of the Global South, and increase the assistance to developing countries, so as to add more substance to the Global Development Initiative.

Facing the challenges of large-scale heterogeneous collaboration and communication constraints in ground-to-air defense systems under strong adversarial environments, this paper proposes a hierarchical distributed cooperative mission planning framework. In the pre-combat stage, a distributed asynchronous multi-round auction (DAMA) algorithm based on a block information sharing strategy is designed. Through a virtual node negotiation mechanism, it breaks through the resource allocation bottleneck under partially connected communication topologies, reducing communication overhead by approximately 38％ while ensuring global consistency in allocation. During the combat stage, an improved multi-agent deep deterministic policy gradient (IM-MADDPG) decision model integrating a multi-head attention mechanism and asynchronous experience update is constructed. This model enhances the relational modeling capability of local neighborhood features and effectively alleviates the oscillation problem in policy learning under complex game environments. Simulation results show that the proposed method achieves a static mission completion rate of 96.8％±1.2％, and the dynamic interception success rate and asset survival rate increase to 89.6％±1.5％ and 91.2％±1.3％, respectively. It realizes closed-loop optimization from resource pre-positioning to real-time gaming, providing theoretical support for the construction of intelligent defense systems in communication-constrained environments.

The Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China has coordinated the deployment of industrial clusters in the low-altitude economy as a strategic emerging field and the construction of a nationally integrated computing power network, establishing the strategic positioning of the low-altitude economy as a typical representative of New Quality Productive Forces. However, its industrial practice remains constrained by structural limitations such as physical space congestion, rigid operational marginal costs, and lagging safety governance. This paper regards computing infrastructure as a key driver determining industrial production boundaries and resource allocation efficiency, systematically examining its empowerment mechanisms and implementation pathways. Computing infrastructure fundamentally transforms the growth logic of the low-altitude economy through digital capital deepening and institutional reshaping effects. It drives a leap in research and development paradigms from physical trial-and-error to virtual iteration, promotes the transformation of resource allocation from static directives to dynamic game equilibrium, and reshapes agile governance models based on algorithmic contracts. In response to existing practical constraints, including supply-demand mismatches in spatial layout, efficiency bottlenecks of the storage-computation separation architecture, and asymmetric dependency within the industrial chain, this paper further proposes pathways such as constructing a gradient spatial layout for computing power, advancing the development of integrated communication-sensing-computing networks, and improving mechanisms for data assetization and patient capital incentives. These proposals aim to provide theoretical support and policy references for the high-quality development of the low-altitude economy.

The reformation of generative artificial intelligence (AI) technology is reshaping social production modes while also triggering a profound crisis in the protection of the right to erasure. The existing legal framework and technical means are inadequate when dealing with the unique characteristics of generative AI, such as autonomous generation, iterative innovation, and technology integration. This inadequacy manifests in several ways of the difficulty in locating personal information, the paradox of erasure effectiveness, the ambiguous criteria for the erasure of personal information, the insufficient incentives for erasure obligations, and the ineffectiveness of the notice and consent rule. Personal information not only has the attribute of property interests, but also implies the attribute of personality rights, so it is necessary to pay more attention to the protection of the right to erasure in the context of widespread application of generative AI. Based on the data processing mechanism of generative AI, this paper constructs a data lifecycle governance framework: the data input phase involves establishing dual-consent rules and a data trust review mechanism to ensure the legality of personal information origins; during the model training phase, comprehensive implementation of risk assessment and tiered supervision strategies is required to mitigate data security risks; in the data output phase, it is essential to clarify the legal validity of technical erasure standards and address inconsistencies in legal regulations. While enhancing personal information protection in the digital era, this framework offers an operable institutional paradigm for balancing technological innovation and right protection.

The cultivation of elite engineers is currently a focal point of postgraduate education reform. Synergy theory, serving as an important theoretical support for promoting the efficient linkage of system elements, provides key insights into addressing the practical challenges in cultivating outstanding engineers in local universities. This paper, based on the core tenets and logical pathways of synergy theory, analyzes the practical dilemmas in the cultivation of engineering postgraduates at local universities. Taking Shenyang University of Technology as an example, it focuses on discussing how the university, guided by synergy theory, centers on five dimensions of enrollment model, cultivation program, cultivation mode, supervisor team, and classified evaluation, through goal synergy, resource synergy, process synergy, project synergy, and evaluation synergy, to forms a deeply integrated, whole-process cultivation system characterized by joint participation, joint management, sharing, and joint research between the university and enterprises, which solidly advancing the reform of elite engineers cultivation and achieving significant breakthroughs in educational practices. The systematic solution proposed in this paper can offer references for local universities to improve the categorized system of postgraduate education and optimize the cultivation path of elite engineers based on synergy theory.

The low-altitude economy epitomizes New Quality Productive Forces and constitutes a prioritized strategic emerging industry in China, demonstrating immense growth potential in advancing high-quality economic development. However, a significant structural tension exists between its productive attribute of cross-regional mobility and the traditional boundaries of territorial administrative jurisdiction. From the macro perspective of building a unified national market, this paper establishes an analytical framework interconnecting administrative logic, transaction costs, and market fragmentation, and deeply analyzes current developmental challenges facing the low-altitude economy, including the fragmentation of airspace regulations, the disparities in regulatory systems and deficiencies in the rule of law, the technological isolation and insufficient provision of infrastructure, and the implicit barriers to factor mobility. This paper finds that local protectionism, rooted in the logic of territorial resource allocation, significantly inflates institutional transaction costs for market entities and obstructs the network externalities and economies of scale effects within the industry. This model not only results in severe efficiency losses, but also triggers asset impairment pressure and industrial involution due to inconsistent standards. Furthermore, the large-scale development of the low-altitude economy relies heavily on unified rules and the free flow of factors, whereas the ambiguous definition of property rights and the divergence in regulatory systems within the current management regime have become core obstacles restricting its high-quality development. The fundamental solution to this dilemma lies in promoting a transition of the governance paradigm from territorial fragmentation to collaborative governance. This paper proposes a collaborative governance framework encompassing vertical restructuring of powers and responsibilities, horizontal integrated regional development, and multifaceted market-based checks and balances. By correcting institutional distortions and restoring market mechanisms, it provides theoretical support and implementation pathways for breaking market fragmentation and building a unified national market for the low-altitude economy characterized by unified rules and orderly competition.

The courage to engage in self-reform is the most distinctive characteristic of the Communist Party of China (CPC), which has been embodied in and permeated different historical periods of the Party. Therefore, it is necessary to review and sort out the development of the Party′s self-reform from a historical perspective. From 1949 to 1966, the CPC transformed itself from a revolutionary party that smashed the old regime into a ruling party that built a new world, realizing a double transformation in identity and the focus of work. In order to accomplish this transformation well, the CPC has always strengthened its self-construction by means of self-reform. Specifically, during the period of national economic recovery from 1949 to 1952, the CPC promoted self-reform and consolidated the newly established regime by setting up a leading organization for preventing and punishing corruption and carrying out centralized educational activities. During the period of socialist transformation from 1953 to 1956, the CPC adhered to self-reform and led the “Three Socialist Transformations” by promoting the professionalization and refinement of the management of Party officials, exploring the establishment of a systematic restraint mechanism, and perfecting disciplinary inspection and supervision. During the period of comprehensive socialist construction from 1956 to 1966, the CPC promoted self-reform and socialist construction by exploring new paths, forming new understandings, carrying out a rectification movement, and punishing corruption in the economic field. By looking back at the exploration course of the CPC′s self-reform from 1949 to 1966 and summarizing its historical experience, several important insights can be drawn. To promote the Party′s self-reform, it is necessary to improve the system of institutional norms by system construction, continuously promote the anti-corruption struggle with a zero-tolerance attitude, constantly enhance the ideological, political, and action consciousness of the self-reform, so as to promote the normalization, long-term effectiveness and standardization of self-reform.

Product failure usually triggers negative consumer responses, and how to effectively manage such negative responses has become a critical managerial challenge for firms. With growing global attention to environmental issues, green and low-carbon lifestyles have been integrated into public consciousness, and green products have been gradually the focus. It is worthwhile to explore and analyze whether green products can gain greater consumer tolerance and thereby mitigate negative word-of-mouth (NWOM) transmission following product failure. Based on attribute centrality theory, this paper conducts three scenario-based experiments to investigate the impact of green product failure on consumer NWOM transmission. The results show that compared with conventional product failure, green product failure better inhibits consumer NWOM transmission. In the context of severe failure, products with high green attribute centrality exert a stronger weakening effect on consumer NWOM transmission than those with low green attribute centrality and conventional products. In addition, altruistic motivation plays a partial mediating role between product failure and NWOM transmission, while environmental responsibility serves as a moderated mediator in the relationships among product failure, altruistic motivation, and NWOM transmission. Consumers demonstrate greater tolerance toward green product failure. Accordingly, firms can leverage this psychological and behavioral characteristic to address the difficulties in customer relationship management caused by product failure by endowing products with green attributes, increasing research, development efforts, and cultivating consumers′ green awareness. From the perspective of green products, this paper enriches research on consumers′ post-purchase behavior after green product failure, and provides new directions for firms to optimize customer relationship management.

In the context of accelerated evolution of a new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation, New Quality Productive Forces, as a concentrated embodiment of advanced productive forces, urgently call for adaptive changes in the relations of production. The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China clearly pointed out the need to “accelerate the formation of relations of production that are more compatible with New Quality Productive Forces”, providing fundamental guidance and practical directions for building new type of relations of production and promoting high-quality economic development. In this process, it is essential to unswervingly adhere to the basic principles of ensuring the Party′s overall leadership over economic work as the fundamental guarantee, upholding a people-centered philosophy of development, and adapting to the development of New Quality Productive Forces as the practical orientation. Starting from the theoretical and logical framework of political economy, the focus should be on the four key links of social reproduction, namely, production, distribution, exchange, and consumption, to systematically build new type of relations of production that align with the development of New Quality Productive Forces. This includes improving factor allocation through new forms of ownership, promoting rational value distribution through new distribution methods, empowering the flow of factors through new exchange methods, and stimulating the momentum of productive forces through new consumption patterns. Based on considerations of both basic principles and theoretical logic, comprehensive deepening of reform should be used as a driving force, with targeted efforts and coordinated advancement. By building a high-standard socialist market economy, improving systems and mechanisms for high-quality economic development, fostering systems and mechanisms that support comprehensive innovation, and perfecting high-standard opening-up systems and mechanisms, the formation of new type of relations of production can be advanced to realize high-quality economic development.

With the advancement of the digital and intelligent transformation of the manufacturing industry and the implementation of the strategy to boost China′s strength in manufacturing, digital and intelligent transformation has become the key for the steel industry to enhance its competitiveness and achieve high-quality development during the 15th Five-Year Plan period. During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, China′s steel industry actively carried out innovation activities in digital and intelligent transformation and achieved positive results, such as a significant overall improvement in the digital and intelligent level of the industry, the notable effectiveness of the construction of intelligent steel factories, the deep integration of “artificial intelligence+” to enhance quality and efficiency, and leading enterprises driving the digital and intelligent transformation of the entire industrial chain. Currently, the digital and intelligent transformation of the steel industry faces problems and difficulties, including the need to further solidify the foundation of intelligent manufacturing, severe data silos, insufficient coordination in the digital and intelligent transformation of the industrial chain, and the shortage of talents with digital and intelligent expertise, etc. During the 15th Five-Year Plan period, under the combined effects of national strategic demands, the accelerated development of New Quality Productive Forces, increasing policy support for digital and intelligent transformation, the coupled development of digital and green technologies, and the excellent practical experience, China′s steel industry will build up substantial momentum for digital and intelligent transformation. Based on this analysis, countermeasures and suggestions are proposed, including consolidating the foundation of intelligent manufacturing, focusing on breaking down data barriers, advancing the digital and intelligent transformation of the entire industrial chain, and promoting the integrated development of digital and intelligent education, science and technology, and talents, so as to promote the digital and intelligent transformation of the steel industry during the 15th Five-Year Plan period.

In response to the peak population aging in China and the phenomenon of population outflow in the three northeastern provinces, this paper aims to improve the quality of life of the elderly in rural areas of the three northeastern provinces. It conducts an in-depth study on the constraints of elderly care mode selection in rural areas of the region, providing a basis for the government to formulate reasonable elderly care policies. Based on the panel data of the elderly dependency ratio, medical consumption expenditure, and pension insurance subsidy of rural households in the three northeastern provinces from 2015 to 2024, a structural equation model is constructed to empirically examine the interrelationships among medical consumption behavior, changes in the elderly population structure, and pension insurance subsidy policies in the region. This paper finds that the rising elderly dependency ratio in the region has increased the medical burden on rural households, pension insurance contributions and subsidies can alleviate this burden to a certain extent, and the buffering effect of pension insurance has been strengthened. However, due to the differences in population structure, economic development models, and local elderly care policies among the three provinces, as well as the comprehensive influence of physical, psychological, and social factors on the rural elderly, heterogeneity persists in the elderly care mode selection. Currently, Liaoning Province faces sustainability pressure on its existing elderly care policies for rural residents and needs to prioritize raising the pooling level of pension insurance and exploring the transfer of funds to replenish social security funds. Jilin Province should expand the policy coverage of the existing pension insurance system and optimize the participation structure of rural residents in pension insurance. Heilongjiang Province, on the basis of a relatively healthy and stable existing elderly care model for rural residents, should attempt to launch pilot projects of integrated medical and elderly care services for rural residents and incorporate such services into the scope of pension insurance contributions and payouts. In addition, this paper suggests that the three northeastern provinces should establish an indexed adjustment mechanism for pension insurance amount for rural residents′ pension insurance and implement annual adjustment measures for pension insurance contributions and payouts.

The 15th Five-Year Plan period is a crucial stage for laying a solid foundation and making all-round efforts for China to basically achieve socialist modernization. The petrochemical industry is an important pillar of the national economy, and its digital, intelligent, and green transformation directly determines the quality of progress in new industrialization and the modernization of the industrial system. At present, amid profound shifts in the global industrial competition landscape and intensifying resource and environmental constraints, the petrochemical industry is confronted with severe challenges, including prominent structural contradictions, stringent safety production requirements, and rising security risks in industrial and supply chains. Against this macro backdrop, an in-depth exploration of the inherent logic, practical dilemmas, and evolutionary paths of the digital and intelligent transformation in the petrochemical industry carries important academic value and practical significance for formulating medium and long-term development plans for the sector. Theoretical analysis shows that the digital and intelligent transformation can systematically reshape conventional petrochemical production models through mechanisms such as value chain upgrading, green and safe governance, and multi-dimensional innovation-driven development. Leveraging big data, artificial intelligence, and industrial Internet of Things technologies, the petrochemical industry can achieve precise allocation of resource factors, improve production efficiency while effectively alleviating resource and environmental pressures, and establish a digital security defense system that integrates early warning and response. Since the 14th Five-Year Plan period, the petrochemical industry has achieved remarkable progress in the breadth, depth, and effectiveness of the digital and intelligent transformation. Nevertheless, deep-seated problems remain, such as bottlenecks in core technologies in key fields, shortages of cross-industry talents, inadequate adaptation of digital and intelligent technologies to industry-specific demands, and insufficient internal impetus for enterprise transformation. To meet the more urgent transformation and upgrading tasks during the 15th Five-Year Plan period, targeted and effective policy support should be further strengthened. Joint research on core technologies in key fields should be intensified to break through underlying technical bottlenecks constraining industrial development. The cultivation of cross-industry talents integrating petrochemical expertise and digital intelligence capabilities should be accelerated to build a talent development system suited to digital transformation. The integrated application of “operational technology (OT)+information technology (IT)” and “data+mechanism” should be deepened to enable digital technologies to penetrate the basic processes of petrochemical production. Internal impetus for enterprises′ digital and intelligent transformation should be stimulated to achieve a shift from “passive transformation” to “active reform”.

The digital and intelligent transformation is not only an inevitable choice for building a strong shipbuilding industry in China, but also a systematic project that fundamentally reshapes the ship manufacturing system through deep integration of intelligent technologies such as artificial intelligence, with data serving as a crucial driver. This paper conducts an analysis of the practical foundation, challenges, advancement pathways, and strategic choices for the digital and intelligent transformation of China′s shipbuilding industry during the 15th Five-Year Plan period, based on a literature review, policy analysis, typical case studies, and field research. Currently, China′s shipbuilding industry has successfully established a systematic model for advancing digital and intelligent transformation, characterized by data as the foundation, intelligent technologies as the core, independently developed products as the hallmark, and open ecosystems as the backbone. However, it still faces challenges, including insufficient self-reliance in core technologies, barriers to data factor circulation, digitalization gaps in the industrial chain, and lagging support for standards and talents. The digital and intelligent transformation of China′s shipbuilding industry possesses such advantages as a comprehensive industrial system, a solid policy framework, and the driving role of leading enterprises, while also embracing major historical opportunities, including explosive demand for green and intelligent new ship types, the maturity of enabling digital technology clusters, and strategic impetus from national policies fostering New Quality Productive Forces. During the 15th Five-Year Plan period, coordinated measures should focus on achieving self-reliance in core software and hardware and data standardization, promoting the transformation of business models toward full life-cycle services and networked collaboration, building an industrial new ecosystem characterized by the integration of large, medium, and small enterprises and cross-sector integration, and simultaneously improving the systematic support of standards, regulations, and interdisciplinary talent cultivation. This paper can provide a theoretical basis and decision-making references for relevant departments to formulate the 15th Five-Year Plan for the high-quality development of the shipbuilding industry, serve as action guidelines for the digital and intelligent transformation of shipbuilding enterprises, and offer reference models for the digital and intelligent transformation of other equipment manufacturing industries.

Since China began the construction of the “Digital Silk Road”, significant achievements have been made in areas such as digital technology cooperation, digital infrastructure construction, digital service trade, and cross-border e-commerce with the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) partner countries. Digital service trade has become a new growth point for economic and trade cooperation between China and BRI partner countries. Based on the background of “Silk Road E-commerce” cooperation, this paper takes 57 BRI partner countries from 2005 to 2023 as samples, employs a stochastic frontier gravity model to analyze the efficiency and potential of China′s digital service trade exports to these countries, and divides market types based on the calculated mean efficiency value to further explore the regional heterogeneity of digital service trade. This paper finds that factors such as the respective economic scale of China and these countries and a common language between them are conducive to China′s digital service trade exports, while factors such as population size and geographical distance hinder such exports. Factors such as “Silk Road E-commerce” cooperation, internet penetration rate, government efficiency, economic freedom, and the signing of free trade agreements with China can effectively reduce the impact of trade inefficiency, while foreign direct investment is not a major factor affecting the efficiency of digital service trade exports. Overall, China′s digital service trade exports to BRI partner countries exhibit relatively high efficiency and great potential. Specifically, efficiency is higher in countries such as the United Arab Emirates, Malaysia, and Saudi Arabia, and lower in countries such as Timor-Leste, Nepal, and Laos. In terms of the trend of export potential changes, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and West Asia regions will be the two regions with the greatest potential for China′s digital service trade exports, while the growth of the potential for China′s digital service trade exports to Central Asia, Central and Eastern Europe, and other regions is relatively slow. Based on these findings, this paper proposes countermeasures and suggestions such as continuously deepening “Silk Road E-commerce” cooperation, expanding institutional opening up in digital trade, improving government service efficiency, and innovating digital trade cooperation methods, in order to continuously release the digital trade dividends under the international cooperation framework of “Silk Road E-commerce”.

During the 15th Five-Year Plan period (2026—2030), the digital and intelligent transformation of China′s automotive industry has entered a critical phase:moving from isolated applications to the restructuring of the entire industrial chain, underpinned by the scale advantages, supply chain completeness, and established electrification foundation of the industry. Based on policy text analysis and international comparative research, this paper systematically examines the achievements, challenges, and institutional supply conditions of the digital and intelligent transformation of China′s automotive industry. The challenges hindering the digital and intelligent transformation of China′s automotive industry are fourfold. First, insufficient provision of public goods, such as standards and interfaces, constrains cross-entity collaboration efficiency. Second, imperfect data property rights and revenue distribution mechanisms limit the market-oriented allocation of data as a factor of production. Third, weak transformation capabilities of small and medium-sized parts suppliers cause a synergy bottleneck in the supply chain. Fourth, spillover effects of international rules shift market access from constraints through border-based measures to process-based governance, significantly increasing fixed compliance costs. Taking the collaborative models of the European Union′s Catena-X, Germany′s International Data Spaces, and Japan′s automotive software platform as examples, this paper mainly analyzes their institutional mechanisms in areas such as the supply of standards as public goods, data sovereignty protection, chain leader leadership, and organizational embeddedness, as well as the implications for the digital and intelligent transformation of China′s automotive industry. Accordingly, this paper proposes that during the 15th Five-Year Plan period, policy instruments for the digital and intelligent transformation of China′s automotive industry should shift from project-based subsidies to institutional supply. Specifically, national unified standards and the provision of public infrastructure should be leveraged to reduce institutional frictions in cross-entity collaboration; systems for rights confirmation, authorization, revenue distribution, trusted circulation, and compliance auditing should be established to improve the allocation efficiency of data factors; chain leader leadership should be harnessed to drive the synchronous digital and intelligent transformation of small and medium-sized enterprises; and institutionalized capacity building for overseas expansion should be strengthened.

With the rapid development of Internet technology, the problem of fake reviews in e-commerce platforms has become increasingly serious, causing damage to both consumer rights and interests and market order. Even though the detection technology of platforms is constantly upgraded, many unscrupulous merchants still induce consumers to post fake reviews, making such behaviors more covert and damaging consumers′ interests and their trust in platforms. This paper employs the evolutionary game theory to construct a tripartite evolutionary game model involving merchants, consumers, and e-commerce platforms and explores the key factors affecting the strategy selection of each party through the stability analyses of the strategies and equilibrium points of the system. Using Matlab R2018a software for numerical simulation, this paper simulates the impact of the initial probability on evolutionary results and initial evolution paths, verifies the stability of the model and the accuracy of the theoretical analysis, and then conducts a parameter sensitivity analysis in order to find effective strategies for governing fake review behaviors in e-commerce platforms. The findings reveal that the active intervention and supervision of e-commerce platforms facilitate merchants′ evolution toward non-induced positive review strategies and consumers′ evolution toward objective review strategies; when one party′s decision-making probability of fake reviews fluctuates around a specific threshold, the strategies of other decision-making subjects will change accordingly; and the punitive measures of e-commerce platforms are more effective than the incentive measures in curbing merchants′ induced positive review behavior. This paper provides e-commerce platforms with scientific strategies for governing fake review behaviors, helping to enhance user trust, maintain market order, and promote the healthy development of e-commerce.

The occurrence of emergencies is contingency. In order to solve the problem of excessive or insufficient reserves when the government reserves emergency materials alone over-or under-stocking of emergency supplies, a cooperation relationship is established between government and enterprises in the form of government-enterprise collaborative stockpiling. Considering the characteristics of material loss, the degree of material loss is reflected in the rotation and renewal cost generated by the loss. A decision-making model is constructed for the government-enterprise collaborative stockpiling with the objective of maximizing the expected profits of enterprises. The optimal form and amount of reserves is derived for enterprises through Stackelberg game theory. The results indicate that the optimal reserve decision of enterprises is influenced by three factors:the government procurement price, the probability of unexpected emergencies, and the cost of enterprise rotation and update. The willingness of enterprises to choose cooperation with the government increases with the probability of unexpected emergencies and government procurement price. Among them, as the cost of rotation updates increases, the physical reserves of the enterprise will correspondingly decrease, and the production capacity reserves will also increase accordingly. Finally, the conclusions obtained are verified through arithmetic numerical examples, providing a scientific basis for enterprise reserve decision-making.

People-centered rural governance is an inevitable requirement for advancing the rural revitalization strategy in the New Era. It represents a concrete practice of translating the people-first philosophy into rural governance practices and a critical strategic measure for building a modern rural governance system. At its core, this philosophy is underpinned by three interrelated logics. First, in terms of theoretical logic, it is rooted in the principle of the people as the subject of historical materialism and time-honored people-centered rural wisdom, laying the theoretical foundation for respecting villagers′ principal position. Second, in terms of historical logic, it carries forward the people-centeredness tradition forged in the community-level governance of the Communist Party of China (CPC). From the establishment of villagers′ principal position after the founding of the People′s Republic of China, to the governance transformation responsive to farmers′ needs following the launch of reform and opening up, and to the full integration of the people-first philosophy into rural governance since the 18th CPC National Congress, the people-centeredness of rural governance has demonstrated clear historical continuity. Third, in terms of practical logic, it is driven by people′s diverse needs for a better life, prompting continuous improvements in the quality and efficiency of rural governance. Such a philosophy has shown strong vitality in practice, supported by the distinctive strengths inherent in the rural governance system with Chinese characteristics. First, Party building leadership serves as the political underpinning, providing strategic direction and overall coordination to ensure targeted policy implementation and translate the Party′s purpose of exercising governance for the people into tangible results. Second, prioritizing people′s wellbeing constitutes its value orientation, with villagers′ satisfaction as the fundamental criterion for evaluating governance performance. Third, collaborative participation acts as the wellspring of vitality, breaking the constraints of unilateral government administration and advancing collaboration, participation, and shared benefits to make governance more democratic and effective. To further deepen this approach, efforts should focus on three dimensions. First, the foundation for collaboration should be consolidated by strengthening the leadership and coordination of village Party organizations, leveraging the synergistic, enabling role of the government and the market, and giving full play to the role of villagers as the main participants, so as to form a governance system where everyone takes their responsibilities. Second, the synergy for participation should be fostered by cementing the ideological foundation for multi-stakeholder collaborative participation, enhancing collaborative participation capacity, and strengthening digital empowerment, to develop a governance model where everyone fulfills their responsibilities. Third, the sharing of development gains should be advanced by improving equitable sharing mechanisms, ensuring inclusive and comprehensive benefits, and perfecting a distribution system where everyone shares in the benefits.

As one of the world′s most concentrated regions of emerging markets, Latin America has now become a key participant in the joint construction of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). The BRI also serves as a vital bond in promoting the building of a community with a shared future between China and Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). This paper conducts an in-depth review and systematic analysis of the overall cognitive characteristics of Argentina′s mainstream think tanks regarding the BRI, and reveals the acceptance level, concerns, and cognitive evolution path of Argentina′s intellectual community towards the BRI, aiming to provide a reliable basis for China to carry out foreign cooperation in the LAC. This paper adopts a case study approach, selecting nine influential Argentina′s mainstream think tanks with strong research capabilities and broad policy impact as the core objects of analysis. It systematically collates 20 research reports concerning the BRI released by these think tanks since 2017 and uses them as the basic analysis samples. By combining text analysis with inductive comparison, this paper explores the true positions and multi-level logics of Argentina′s think tanks in their understanding of the BRI. The findings reveal that the overall cognition of the BRI among Argentina′s mainstream think tanks is characterized by “the coexistence of positive affirmation and rational prudence”. On the one hand, most think tanks hold that the BRI provides tangible development opportunities for the LAC, including those in infrastructure construction and financial support. On the other hand, some studies also reflect concerns regarding issues such as the BRI′s long-term development path, institutional transparency, and the deepening of Argentina′s economic dependence on China. It can be observed that while these mainstream think tanks generally recognize the potential and strategic value of the BRI, they also demonstrate a certain degree of defensive mentality during the acceptance process. Therefore, in the joint construction of BRI in the LAC, China should attach greater importance to building strategic communication mechanisms, enhancing cultural understanding, and guiding public opinion, and proactively respond to the core concerns of local think tanks regarding the sustainability, fairness, and reciprocity of cooperation. By introducing an analytical framework of “cognitive drivers”, this paper systematically uncovers the institutional, political, and cultural logics underlying the stances of Argentina′s think tanks toward the BRI. This not only provides a new analytical path for understanding how non-Western countries perceive China′s initiatives, but also offers a reference for comprehensively grasping the attitudes of social elites in Latin American countries, particularly those in Argentina, toward the BRI.

In recent years, the livestreaming e-commerce market has experienced explosive growth, but traditional supply chain finance struggles to meet the financing needs of e-commerce enterprises, making it crucial to explore solutions to alleviate financing difficulties facing small and medium-sized e-commerce enterprises. This paper focuses on three core parties of livestreaming e-commerce supply chain finance: e-commerce enterprises, livestreaming e-commerce platforms, and financial institutions to study the behavioral strategy equilibrium in the dynamic evolution of the three parties′ long-term cooperation. Blockchain technology is introduced to construct a tripartite dynamic evolutionary game model of livestreaming e-commerce supply chain finance, and the Lyapunov discriminant method is introduced to analyze the equilibrium point and its asymptotic stability of the tripartite dynamic evolutionary model and to investigate the behavioral strategy selection in different situations. By analyzing the asymptotic stability of each party through the dynamic evolutionary game, distinct evolutionary results will appear. By assigning reasonable values to the model, the three parties involved in the game will converge to a stable equilibrium state. The results show that when livestreaming e-commerce platforms exhibit a high probability of active guarantees, financial institutions tend to offer loans, and e-commerce enterprises prefer compliance. When the conversion cost and the potential benefits of losses are large enough, e-commerce enterprises will always choose compliance. Only when the participation probabilities of the three parties are higher than the threshold will they participate in the livestreaming e-commerce supply chain finance business. Once the participation probability of any party is lower than the threshold, and its income obtained from the livestreaming e-commerce supply chain finance business is not enough to offset the potential risks, it will refuse to participate in the business.

Against the backdrop of profound adjustments in the global economic landscape and the ongoing advancement of the national innovation-driven development strategy, regional innovation ecosystems, as core vehicles for concentrating innovation factors and stimulating innovation vitality, have become a key engine for promoting high-quality regional economic development. China is currently at a critical stage in its transition from factor-driven growth to innovation-driven development, and building sound and well-ordered regional innovation ecosystems has become an important work at both the national and local levels. However, regional innovation ecosystems in China face practical challenges, including ambiguous role definitions of innovation actors, inefficient flows of innovation resources, and highly restrictive innovation environments. Drawing on niche theory, this paper employs the entropy method, niche suitability models, and evolutionary momentum models to conduct a comprehensive evaluation and spatiotemporal analysis of innovation ecosystems across 31 provincial-level regions (excluding Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan) in China from 2020 to 2024. Based on the evaluation results, they can be categorized into 4 types: innovation-leading, steadily catching-up, breakthrough-constrained, and foundation-building. The findings reveal that, the national niche suitability has remained relatively stable from 2020 to 2024. And a pattern has emerged characterized by the eastern regions taking the lead, the central regions providing support, the western regions striving to catch up, and the northern regions undergoing transformation. Further analyses using σ-convergence and β-convergence tests show that while the gap in niche suitability among regions has narrowed to some extent, a widespread catching-up effect has yet to materialize. On this basis, this paper proposes differentiated policy recommendations in three respects:optimizing the structure of innovation actors, promoting the balanced allocation of resources, and improving the environmental support system. These recommendations aim to address the limitations of existing studies that predominantly focus on evaluating partial regions, lack in-depth spatiotemporal analysis, or fail to incorporate timely updates, thereby contributing to the coordinated development and overall upgrading of innovation ecosystems across China.

Shared manufacturing has attracted extensive attention for its role in improving production efficiency and optimizing resource allocation. However, most existing studies inadequately address energy consumption and carbon emissions during production processes. To promote the sustained development of shared manufacturing, this paper investigates resource scheduling and optimization problems from the perspective of energy conservation and emission reduction. A multi-objective production scheduling optimization model is developed with the respective goals of minimizing costs and production time, and minimizing energy consumption and carbon emissions. To solve the model, a hybrid optimization algorithm is proposed by integrating the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm with particle swarm optimization. Using real-world data for empirical analysis, the results show that: (1) as production utility increases, carbon emissions and energy consumption rise, with an accelerating marginal growth rate; (2) comparative analysis based on different weight settings for production cost and maximum production time indicates that a higher weight assigned to production cost is associated with greater production utility, suggesting that platform operators should place greater emphasis on cost control; (3) comparisons between the proposed hybrid genetic algorithm incorporating particle swarm optimization and other algorithms demonstrate that the hybrid approach achieves faster convergence and yields higher-quality solutions, thereby validating the applicability of the model. The findings provide a basis for advancing energy conservation and emission reduction efforts and for promoting the sustained development of shared manufacturing.