Employment is the foundation of people′s livelihood and economic development. To achieve fuller and higher-quality employment is a necessary requirement for making solid progress in promoting common prosperity in China. The digital economy, as an important driving force to advance Chinese modernization, contributes to high-quality employment in multiple dimensions, including the employment structure, employment boundary, employment quality, and regional equilibrium. However, it has also triggered a series of social problems, such as the supply and demand mismatch in the labor market, structural employment contradictions, industry involution, and algorithmic hegemony. Therefore, exploring the impact of digital economy on China′s employment holds profound significance for achieving higher-quality employment and promoting common prosperity. As China′s economy moves towards a new stage of high-quality development, it should involve strengthening support for digital employment, optimizing the employment environment, improving employment-first policies, and standardizing labor management systems in platform-based enterprises during the process of promoting digital industrialization and industrial digitalization. With the fundamental goal of narrowing the gap between the rich and the poor and achieving common prosperity, it is crucial to develop a more inclusive digital economy and transform limited human capital into a new driver of high-quality economic development. Only in this way can China build resilient industrial and supply chains, fully energize its super-large market, and lay a solid foundation for inclusive economic growth and high-quality employment under the New Development Pattern.

With the rapid development of the market economy, mergers and acquisitions (M&As) and restructuring have become the main commercial activities in the securities market. To explore the impact and mechanism of M&A and restructuring inquiry letters on corporate ESG performance, based on the theoretical analysis, all A-share listed companies that underwent M&As and restructuring from 2015 to 2021 are selected as the research objects, and regression tests are conducted under strict control of time and individual fixed effects, further expansion analysis is conducted on the economic consequences and characteristics related to M&A and restructuring inquiry letters, and the heterogeneity of the impact of M&A and restructuring inquiry letters on corporate ESG performance under different levels of financing pressure is explored. Research has found that M&A and restructuring inquiry letters can significantly improve the ESG performance of the surveyed companies through a dual path of increasing analyst attention and alleviating information asymmetry issues. Further analysis reveals that the impact of receiving letters on a company's ESG rating is short-term, with an improvement in the quality of ESG information disclosure after receiving letters, and the mechanism of action is similar to that of ESG performance. At the same time, changes in the effectiveness of M&A and restructuring inquiry letters are revealed, and it is found that their impact on ESG performance significantly decreases after 2019. Heterogeneity analysis shows that this promoting effect is more significant in non-state-owned enterprises and enterprises with higher levels of financing constraints. This paper verifies the optimization effect of M&A and restructuring inquiry letters on corporate ESG performance, there is heterogeneity in the regulatory effects on companies under different financing pressures, indicating that the ability of companies to withstand potential risks in their financing activities weakens the promotion effect of M&A and restructuring inquiry letters on ESG performance.

As a traditional heavy industry base in China, Liaoning Province possesses a solid industrial foundation in both traditional materials and advanced basic materials. However, it also faces challenges in transforming its manufacturing sector toward high-end, intelligent, and green development. Based on the perspective of industrial chain synergy and framed within the theoretical context of New Quality Productive Forces driving industrial upgrading, this paper systematically examines the current status of China's new materials industry, the strengths and weaknesses of Liaoning's new materials sector, and the driving mechanisms and implementation pathways for its upgrading. This paper finds that Liaoning holds significant advantages in the manufacturing of advanced basic materials and their application in equipment manufacturing. Nonetheless, the industry suffers from structural issues such as disrupted industrial chains, regional development imbalances, and delayed green transformation. Empowering the industry with New Quality Productive Forces can help reconstruct the value logic of the industrial chain: digital and intelligent technologies enhance production efficiency and responsiveness through data-driven R＆D, flexible manufacturing, and full life cycle management; industrial chain synergy networks improve industrial resilience through vertical integration and horizontal collaboration; and green transformation promotes sustainable development through low-carbon process innovation, circular economy systems, and green standards. This paper further proposes that Liaoning should leverage its institutional advantages to improve top-level designs that promote the development of New Quality Productive Forces and the new materials industry; utilize the capital and technological strengths of large state-owned enterprises to drive collaborative innovation among small and medium-sized private enterprises within upstream and downstream of the industrial chain; encourage universities, research institutions, and enterprises to establish collaborative innovation platforms for new materials, thereby strengthening the deep integration of industry, academia, research, and application, optimizing regional factor allocation, and promoting talent mobility; and the government should coordinate the division of labor across the industrial chain, establish dedicated funds to support breakthroughs in core technologies, promote the development of pilot testing platforms for new materials, and improve green finance and insurance compensation mechanisms.

The resilience and security of industrial chain in China's medical equipment sector have garnered significant attention, particularly in addressing various emergencies. From the perspective of New Quality Productive Forces, this paper first summarizes the current status of the resilience and security of industrial chain in China's medical equipment sector, then systematically reviews policies aimed at enhancing such resilience and security, and finally proposes countermeasures to further strengthen the resilience and accelerate domestic substitution. During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, China has seen continuous growth in the market shares of complete equipment and key components of medical equipment. The market shares of complete equipment in multiple sectors have exceeded 50%, and a majority of key components are now domestically produced. However, some critical components or sub-components, especially high-end, high-reliability, and premium-grade components, still rely on foreign suppliers, posing challenges to the independence and controllability of the entire industrial chain. To enhance the resilience and security of industrial chain in the medical equipment sector from the perspective of New Quality Productive Forces, continuous innovation is essential to achieve full domestic substitution. China has introduced a series of policies and measures to support industrial chain in terms of institutional design, financial investment, and industrial foundation, effectively boosting the development, resistance, recovery, control, and innovation capabilities of the sector. Looking ahead, driven by an innovation-oriented ecosystem and robust policy support, the resilience and security of industrial chain in China's medical equipment sector are expected to further improve. It is recommended that the government leverage its control over the downstream of the industrial chain as a policy tool to integrate and regulate midstream and upstream, foster a moderately competitive industrial structure, launch pilot programs for medical big data, establish unified standards and property rights systems, and actively promote the intelligentization of medical equipment.

With the promulgation of the Measures for the Review of Science and Technology Ethics (for Trial Implementation) in China, the review of science and technology ethics has become a legal procedure for carrying out scientific and technological activities. In recent years, judiciary authorities have sought to leverage technology to modernize judicial work, and the integration of technology and the judiciary has deepened, with technology even affecting existing judicial decision-making to a certain extent. This paper provides legal reasoning and empirical analysis of the establishment and operation rules of the Judicial Artificial Intelligence (AI) Ethics Committee. At the legal level, the establishment of the Judicial AI Ethics Committee in the context of judicial automated decision-making is necessary, legitimate, and justified. This committee is responsible for the ethical review of the court's scientific and technological activities. At the same time, its operation rules are special “reference-based applications” based on the general review of science and technology ethics, which will inevitably conflict with general provisions to a certain extent. Its review forms, such as the granting of review powers, the formulation of review procedures, and the composition of reviewers, should be discussed from the perspective of legal doctrine, which can be used as the core element for the review of science and technology ethics at the court level, so as to accelerate the construction of the future framework of the Judicial AI Ethics Committee mechanism to address the challenges and difficulties in ethical reviews in judicial automated decision-making. Currently, judicial automated decision-making is no longer a prospect but a reality. The Judicial AI Ethics Committee must go beyond general ethical reviews and refine review standards based on specific requirements of the judicial field. At the same time, in response to the particularity of the judicial scene, more detailed ethical norms should be formulated, and the review process should be continuously optimized, to enhance the effectiveness of ethical reviews, guarantee the fairness and transparency of judicial decision-making, and ultimately achieve the organic integration of judicial automated decision-making and ethical norms.

This paper deeply analyzes the logical basis and value implications of the scientific worldview and methodology of upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground, as well as its practical requirements in the New Era. This paper persists in applying the Marxist standpoint, viewpoint, and methodology to systematically study the worldview and methodology of upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground, utilizes the research method of logical and historical unity, emphasizes the integration of theory and practice, and employs the basic tenets of Marxism to analyze and summarize the rationale for upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground, its value, and practical application methods. The main viewpoints of this paper are as follows:upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground is the organic unity of Marxist materialism, epistemology and dialectics; the nourishment of the fine traditional Chinese culture is the cultural soil for upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground; upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground has been carried out through the practical exploration of the Communist Party of China (CPC) in its more than a hundred years of struggle, and the CPC's more than a hundred years of remarkable history is a history of constantly pursuing, revealing and practicing the truth of Marxism, which carries the genes and lineage of upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground. Upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground helps to enrich and develop Marxism, uphold and improve the system of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics, promote cultural prosperity and enhance China's cultural soft power, and build China into a great modern socialist country. Upholding fundamental principles and breaking new groud demands us: Firstly,with upholding fundamental principles at the core, to always take the right principles and traditions as the foundation and firmly uphold theoretical beliefs by adhering to the basic principles of Marxism to ensure the orthodoxy of theory; to uphold the CPC's comprehensive leadership to ensure the orthodoxy of direction; and to uphold Socialism with Chinese Characteristics to ensure the orthodoxy of essence. Secondly, it requires us to focus on innovation and actively promote advancements in the path, theory, system, and culture, injecting momentum into building China into a great modern socialist country. Thirdly, upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground requires us to grasp the dialectical unity of the two. On the one hand, it requires us to treat science with a scientific attitude and achieve the dialectical unity of conformity to laws and purposiveness. On the other hand, it demands pursuing truth with the spirit of seeking truth, thereby realizing the dialectical unity of adhering to and developing truth. Not only upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground should reveal the truth, but also uphold and practice it to transform the real world by the guildance of the fundamental principles of truth and drive social progress forward in a manner that is both timely and consistent with the evolving demands of society. From the perspectives of logical basis, value implications and practical requirements, this paper offers a comprehensive theoretical exposition on upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground. It puts forward a series of innovative viewpoints, providing valuable references for theoretical research and practical exploration in related fields, which facilitates a deeper understanding and application of the worldview and methodology of upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground, thereby offering methodological guidance for building China into a great modern socialist country.

In the face of increasingly complex economic situation in the world, the integration of business development with digital technology application has accelerated enterprise digital transformation, making it a key strategy for enterprise adaptation. Against the backdrop of shrinking foreign trade demand, the impact of enterprise digital transformation on export resilience has received growing attention from both academia and industry. Using data from the CSMAR database and annual reports of listed companies, this paper takes the 2020 public health crisis as an exogenous shock and applies a Difference-in-Differences (DID) approach to examine how enterprise digital transformation affects export resilience and its underlying mechanisms. The baseline results show that digitally transformed enterprises exhibit stronger export resilience after the shock, demonstrating the positive role of digital transformation in enhancing export resilience. The findings remain robust and highly credible across multiple tests. Mechanism analysis reveals that the current ratio plays a positive mediating role in the effect of digital transformation on export resilience, implying that digital transformation strengthens export resilience under external shocks by enhancing financial liquidity. Furthermore, digital transformation can significantly alleviate insufficient innovation investment, thereby improving export resilience. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the positive effect of digital transformation on export resilience is more pronounced in state-owned enterprises and enterprises in the eastern region of China. This paper aims to enrich the current academic findings on the effect of digital transformation and provide empirical evidence for enterprises developing digital transformation strategies.

Urban transportation is one of the key sectors contributing to urban carbon emissions. Investigating efficient carbon reduction paths is of significant importance for promoting the high-quality development and green, low-carbon transformation of the transportation sector. Beijing, a city with a dense population and frequent economic activities, has considerable energy consumption and carbon emissions in its transportation sector. The Chinese government has pledged to peak carbon emissions by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2060. Therefore, studying the relationship between transportation carbon emissions and economic growth in Beijing, as well as exploring effective carbon reduction measures, is crucial for achieving these goals. This paper takes Beijing as a case study and employs a “top-down” approach to calculate the annual carbon dioxide emissions from its transportation sector. It analyzes the decoupling status between transportation carbon emissions and economic growth and constructs a system dynamics model for urban transportation carbon emissions. The model considers multiple subsystems, including the population and economy subsystem, the transportation subsystem, the energy and carbon emissions subsystem, and the private car cost subsystem. By simulating and forecasting the trends in carbon dioxide emissions from urban transportation in Beijing, the study investigates the changes in emissions under various carbon reduction strategies. The study calculates and analyzes the carbon emissions from Beijing's transportation sector, revealing an increasing trend in recent years. It also shows that the decoupling status between transportation carbon emissions and economic growth is characterized by either an expanding or weak decoupling, failing to achieve the ideal state of strong decoupling. Based on this, the study develops a system dynamics model for urban transportation carbon emissions and simulates the emission trend variations under different scenarios. The results indicate that adjusting the vehicle energy structure, controlling private transportation demand, and improving energy efficiency are effective measures for reducing transportation carbon emissions. Promoting new energy vehicles, implementing stringent traffic restriction policies, and enhancing energy-saving technologies can significantly reduce transportation carbon emissions. This paper not only examines the ecological benefits of implementing carbon reduction measures from a policy perspective but also assesses their economic benefits, thereby enriching the evaluation framework of transportation carbon reduction policies. Furthermore, the study considers the cost changes for consumers resulting from policy implementation, comprehensively evaluating the implementation effects and guiding role of the policy from both the ecological and economic benefits. The findings offer valuable guidance for government departments in selecting efficient and rational carbon reduction policies, which will help promote high-quality economic development and high-level protection of the ecological environment. Additionally, the research provides insights for low-carbon transportation development in other regions and holds significant theoretical and practical values for achieving the green and low-carbon transformation of the transportation sector.

The miniaturization of smart factories is an important path for small and medium-sized enterprises to achieve intelligent manufacturing. Using a literature review method, this paper systematically retrieves related literature on micro smart factories from databases such as CNKI, Web of Science, and Scopus. Combining studies on micro factories and smart factories, this paper defines a micro smart factory and analyzes the constituent elements of a micro smart factory from three aspects: conceptual subjects, technical foundations, and development goals. It is believed that micro smart factories have characteristics of subject specificity, technical similarity, subject applicability, and functional fundamentality compared to traditional smart factories. This paper also clarifies conceptual differences among micro factories, smart factories, intelligent manufacturing, and micro smart factories. Additionally, based on application scenarios of micro smart factories, it constructs a research framework following the logic of “influencing factors-development barriers-implementation paths-goals and outcomes”. This paper finds that influencing factors of micro smart factories involve three aspects: technological, organizational, and environmental levels. Development barriers include financial, technological, talent, and management obstacles. Building micro smart factories requires solving issues in five areas: finance, technology, talent, cognition, and management support. The goals and outcomes of micro smart factories differ at both micro and macro levels. Finally, this paper proposes future development directions for micro smart factories from four dimensions: construction and practice, theoretical framework, benefits and governance, and growth changes and boundary effects, providing references for theoretical research on micro smart factories and the future development of intelligent manufacturing in China.

The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China made significant arrangements to create a first-class business environment characterized by market orientation, rule of law, and internationalization. The business environment has thus become a subject of intense academic and industrial focus through both theoretical and practical explorations. What kind of business environment is beneficial to improving regional innovation capacity has also become a pressing research question. Given that the business environment is a complex ecosystem, this paper adopts a complex systems perspective and uses fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis to analyze the complex relationship between the business environment and regional innovation capacity from the perspective of configuration. The results show that a single business environment element is not a necessary condition for high regional innovation capacity, but optimizing the innovation environment universally enhances regional innovation capacity. Three types of business environment configurations can foster high regional innovation capacity: the government-led, human resource-based type driven by finance and innovation, the government and market dual-logic type driven by finance and innovation, and the type driven by the market and innovation, presenting multiple paths for improving regional innovation capacity in China. From the perspective of institutional configuration theory, this paper deeply analyzes the impact of the coupling relationship of multiple elements in the business environment on regional innovation capacity, aiming to reveal the construction path of the business environment that can cultivate high regional innovation capacity, enrich the cognitive framework of the relationship between the business environment and regional innovation capacity in theory, and provide practical references for policymakers.

The sense of community for the Chinese nation is the foundation of ethnic unity, an emotional bond of national identity and ethnic integration, and a source of strength for the continuous development of the Chinese nation. Systematically reviewing the theoretical foundation, historical context, and practical paths through which the Communist Party of China (CPC) forges a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation is not only a three-dimensional perspective for grasping the general development trend of the Chinese nation but also a necessary path for revealing the internal laws governing the evolution of the CPC's ethnic work. As the main thread of the CPC's ethnic work in the New Era, forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation presents a theoretical construction with threefold ideological origins: taking Marx's community thought as its philosophical foundation and inheriting the value pursuit of the “association of free individuals”; upholding adapting Marxist ethnic theory to Chinese context and needs of times as its methodology to innovate and develop the pluralistic unity concept of the nation; and drawing cultural nourishment from traditional political wisdom of Chinese civilization, such as “great unity” and “harmonious coexistence”, to achieve the modern transformation of fine traditional Chinese culture. Over the past century, the CPC's efforts to forge a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation have undergone dual tests of practice and history, evolving through four interconnected development stages: fermentation and foundation-laying, exploration and establishment, innovation and development, and maturity and sublimation. In the practical context of the New Era, forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation has formed a promotion path integrating economic, political, cultural, and social dimensions. This involves a comprehensive deployment and integrated advancement of four components: solidly promoting common prosperity, firmly advancing political identity, stimulating deep-seated cultural identity, and promoting interaction, exchange, and integration. This multi-dimensional and integrated practical system inherits the historical wisdom of Chinese civilization and responds to the development needs of the New Era, rallying strength and focus for the realization of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

As an important path to promote common prosperity, the inclusive development of digital technology has significantly optimized the income distribution pattern by empowering the three distribution mechanisms. Based on the Inclusive Green Development Follow-up Survey (IGDS) data in the first quarter of 2024, this paper systematically examines the impact of digital technology on primary, secondary, and tertiary distribution. The findings are as follows. At the primary distribution level, digital skills have significantly improved workers′ income levels by reconstructing the labor market, with the income growth effect being particularly prominent among groups with high digital skills. However, skill stratification has exacerbated the income gap. At the secondary distribution level, the transformation of government governance driven by digital technology has effectively improved the fairness and efficiency of the secondary distribution policies through intelligent tax supervision, precise social security, and digital public services. At the tertiary distribution level, digital technology has increased charitable donations by reducing participation costs, enhancing information transparency, and broadening donation channels, initially shaping a collaborative mechanism between marketization and socialization. Nevertheless, the digital divide persists, manifested as the structural disadvantages of rural and low-skilled groups in terms of access to, use of, and benefit from technology. Based on this, it is proposed a four-dimensional policy system of “digital skills training-balanced infrastructure-digital and intelligent taxation-charity transparency” to consolidate the institutional foundation of common prosperity through the inclusive development of digital technology.

In recent years, China′s digital economy has developed rapidly, and digital technologies such as artificial intelligence and big data have also shown accelerated growth, which has become an important force in improving urban carbon productivity. This paper selects panel data from prefecture-level cities in China from 2010 to 2022 for empirical testing and employs a two-way fixed effects model for benchmark regression analysis. Then, this paper conducts robustness tests by replacing the dependent variable and changing the sample size, performs heterogeneity tests across different regions, and carries out transmission mechanism tests by enhancing green technology innovation capabilities and promoting industrial structure upgrading. The research results indicate that the digital economy promotes urban carbon productivity by enhancing green technology innovation capabilities and promoting industrial structure upgrading. Based on these findings, this paper proposes countermeasures and suggestions, such as breaking through digital technology barriers, enhancing innovation capabilities, narrowing the digital divide between different regions, promoting regional coordinated development, optimizing industrial and energy structures to improve carbon productivity, and fully leveraging the role of green technology innovation in boosting carbon productivity.

At the ceremony marking the centenary of the Communist Party of China (CPC), General Secretary Xi Jinping summarized the CPC's century-long experience in theoretical innovation and explicitly proposed the significant proposition of integrating the basic tenets of Marxism with fine traditional Chinese culture, namely the “Second Integration”. Later, at the meeting on cultural inheritance and development in 2023, General Secretary Xi Jinping further emphasized that the “Second Integration” is another manifestation of our commitment to freeing the mind. This has laid a solid cultural foundation for the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the New Era, demonstrating that the CPC has reached new heights in promoting theoretical innovation and strengthening cultural confidence by inheriting fine traditional Chinese culture. In-depth study and a profound grasp of the connotation of the “Second Integration” hold great significance for upholding the guiding role of Marxism, establishing a connection between tradition and modernity, continuously advancing theoretical innovation, and fulfilling new cultural missions. From a cultural perspective, the “Second Integration” adheres to a grand view of history. It places the integration of the basic tenets of Marxism with fine traditional Chinese culture within the century-long historical development of the CPC, clarifies the internal mechanism of integrating the “soul vein” of Marxism with the “root vein” of fine traditional Chinese culture, and employs the methodology of unifying logic and history to deeply explore the successful experience gained from this integration. Research findings reveal that the “Second Integration” has accumulated major experience in three aspects:the subjective consciousness of persistence through collision and selection, the path optimization of inheritance and integration, and the mission-driven commitment to upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground. The experience carries vital importance for implementing Xi Jinping Thought on Culture, achieving the “Second Integration”, and advancing the creative transformation and innovative development of fine traditional Chinese culture.

Ordered to await investigation, as a non-custodial compulsory measure added in the new Supervision Law, has the dual functions of ensuring the efficiency of supervision procedures and restricting the arbitrary exercise of power. However, its alignment with the principles of the rule of law and rights protection still need to be improved. This paper analyzes the nature orientation and value guidance of ordered to await investigation, arguing that the current norms suffer from ambiguities in legal application, inadequate rights protection of persons ordered to await investigation, and unclear connection mechanism between ordered to await investigation and criminal procedural compulsory measures. These legislative omissions have expanded the discretionary space for the operation of the supervision power and increased the risk of the procedural justice and rights protection being nullified. Based on the value orientation of the rule of law and rights protection, the improvement of the system needs to be premised on legislative refinement. This can be achieved by clarifying the specific legal application of ordered to await investigation, perfecting the rights relief system for persons ordered to await investigation, reducing the space for the abuse of discretion by incorporating the principle of proportionality review and establishing a hierarchical approval procedure, strengthening the external supervision mechanism for rights relief, integrating the procuratorial organs into the supervision objection and appeal procedure, and refining the substantive connection rules between ordered to await investigation and criminal procedural compulsory measures. Only by promoting the rule of law transformation of the operation of supervision power and the coordinated optimization of the rights protection mechanism can the dynamic balance between anti-corruption governance effectiveness and procedural justice be achieved, and sustained legal impetus be injected into the supervision system reform.

As a crucial instrument in civil and commercial transactions, valuation adjustment mechanism (VAM) agreements are commonly utilized in private equity and venture capital investments. This paper analyzes the causes of obstacles in the performance of equity repurchase-based VAM agreements, attributing them primarily to the facts that the Minutes of the National Courts' Civil and Commercial Trial Work Conference fails to effectively address the relationship between capital reduction procedures and equity repurchase, and treats them as bundled requirements, and the investor is in a disadvantaged position in terms of equity proportion in the target company, which prevents them from dominating capital reduction procedures. This paper argues that equity repurchase-based VAM agreements should be characterized as contracts with conditions attached to their terms rather than as aleatory contracts or conditional contracts. Specifically, the failure of the VAM agreement is an agreed-upon intentional condition for equity repurchase. To overcome obstacles in performance, the provisions of Article 159 of the Civil Code regarding the improper obstruction of the fulfillment of conditions can be analogously applied to resolve the predicament of malicious refusal to initiate capital reduction procedures. Since the equity repurchase claim has become enforceable, target companies that fail to fulfill their repurchase obligations may be held liable for breaches of contract. As ultimate remedies for such breaches, investors may seek compensation under debt law provisions for delayed performance or request for the return of the original property as property right holders.

The relationship between the digital economy and residents′ cultural consumption involves not only micro-level issues closely related to residents′ daily lives but also macro-level issues concerning the formulation of cultural consumption policies in China. By combining macro and micro data, this paper constructs an evaluation index system for China′s digital economic development from three aspects: digital infrastructure, digital application, and digital innovation. It calculates the comprehensive index of digital economic development for 30 provincial-level regions in China (excluding Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, and Xizang) from 2011 to 2021 and empirically examines the impact of digital economic development on households′ cultural consumption level and its mechanism. This paper finds that the digital economy significantly enhances households′ cultural consumption level, with significant heterogeneity among households at different life cycle stages, with different income levels, and in different regions. Specifically, the digital economy exerts the most significant positive effect on cultural consumption in households with a household head aged 60 and above, followed by those with a household head aged 30 to 39; it most significantly boosts cultural consumption in upper-middle-income households, with high-income households ranking second; and the promoting effect of the digital economy on the central and western regions is greater than that on the eastern region. The results of the mediation effect test show that the digital economy elevates households′ cultural consumption level by increasing per capita net income on the demand side and facilitating industrial structure upgrading on the supply side. Therefore, it is necessary to actively encourage the innovative development of the digital cultural industry, enrich the supply of digital cultural products to meet the cultural consumption needs of different groups, and at the same time cultivate and expand new forms of digital cultural consumption, expand cultural consumption scenarios, and release the potential of digital cultural consumption.

New Quality Productive Forces are the fundamental force to comprehensively advance Chinese modernization, and intellectual property rights (IPR) are the internal requirements and important focus to promote the development of New Quality Productive Forces. The IPR judicial practice plays multiple roles in promoting the development of New Quality Productive Forces. The people's courts, taking the IPR judicial practice as a starting point, explore specific paths to empower New Quality Productive Forces, which is consistent with the generative logic and development direction of New Quality Productive Forces. By systematically reviewing the research results of the people's courts at all levels in China and combining typical cases in the judicial field, this paper examines the research status, practical effects, and structural assumptions of IPR judicial practice empowering New Quality Productive Forces from the perspectives of literature, cases, and theory. It explores and demonstrates the value structure and theoretical model of IPR judicial practice empowering New Quality Productive Forces and proposes specific paths and hierarchical plans for this empowerment effect. This paper finds that IPR judicial practice achieves its empowerment effect through methods such as element extraction, mechanism innovation, and overall protection. Its judicial content, judicial process, and judicial results jointly constitute the theoretical model of the empowerment process. The operational basis of this model lies in the fact that the logic of IPR judicial practice empowering New Quality Productive Forces is premised on typified cases, promoting continuous technological breakthroughs and innovative allocation of production factors through differentiated judicial treatment methods, ultimately driving the deep transformation of industrial models. The operational logic of this model is rooted in the interconnectedness of IPR judicial practice and the elements of New Quality Productive Forces, and its judgment results can shape the relerant rule of New Quality Productive Forces. Through IPR judicial practice, it can maintain and enhance the core competitiveness of enterprises, guide the formation of advanced production relations, improve total factor productivity, and ultimately have the overall effect of empowering New Quality Productive Forces. With the continuous deepening of IPR judicial practice and related research, the hierarchical plans for IPR judicial practice empowering New Quality Productive Forces should be further developed from four dimensions:the conceptual elevation from rights protection to empowerment for New Quality Productive Forces, the process cultivation from element identification to precise application, the interpretation of judicial judgments from a new perspective, and the release of effectiveness of promoting the development of New Quality Productive Forces from individual cases to similar cases.

Modern economic development has offered vast non-agricultural employment choices for the rural labor force. Nevertheless, this off-farm behavior has simultaneously challenged the traditional labor-intensive agricultural production model. As the land plots contracted by rural households in China are generally small in size, it is difficult to mitigate the agricultural production losses resulting from rural labor force outflows by using large-scale agricultural mechanization. In response to this practical predicament, the Chinese government is actively promoting the rural land transfer policy, aiming to optimize the allocation of land resources and enhance agricultural production efficiency to adapt to the changes in the labor structure. However, it remains undetermined whether such behavior can alleviate the contradiction between rural labor transfer and agricultural production. To explore whether rural land transfer alleviates the agricultural production disturbance caused by rural labor transfer and its threshold level, we conduct an empirical study on this issue using the sample of rural households from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study database in 2018 and contrast it with the sample in 2013 when the rural land transfer policy was not yet widely implemented. The polynomial regression and threshold regression analysis are innovatively conducted, in which agricultural productivity is the explained variable, rural labor transfer is the core explanatory variable, and rural land transfer is the threshold variable. (1) The rate of rural labor transfer, and the rate of rural land transfer in 2018 all exceed those in 2013, indicating that the three are experiencing profound changes. (2) The impact of rural labor transfer on agricultural productivity in 2018 presents a U-shaped pattern of first decreasing and then increasing, with no significant relationship between the two in 2013. By dividing the sample into two parts based on whether rural land transfer has occurred and re-conducting the polynomial regression, it is discovered that rural households who choose land transfer can significantly enhance agricultural productivity with the transfer of labor force, suggesting that rural land transfer might be a crucial reason for the alteration in the relationship between the two. (3) The agricultural productivity exerts a significant single threshold effect. When the average rural land transfer area of rural households in this sample exceeds 20.83% of the contracted rural land, rural labor transfer can significantly improve agricultural productivity, namely that promoting rural land transfer is conducive to achieving a win-win situation of non-agricultural employment for rural households and the enhancement of agricultural productivity. (4) For rural households whose land rights have been confirmed and those in grain-producing areas, the threshold value of rural land transfer is lower than the average level of the sample, namely that a relatively low degree of the threshold of rural land transfer can achieve a positive impact of rural labor transfer on agricultural productivity. Based on this, we propose that rural land transfer should continue to be promoted, and in the overall direction of rural land transfer, more emphasis should be placed on the land area transferred rather than expanding the number of rural households participating in the transfer. Additionally, it is necessary to accelerate the confirmation of land rights and implement differentiated rural land transfer scale strategies based on local conditions to adapt to the needs of different rural households and the characteristics of local agricultural development.

Marx′s theory of labor liberation is not only a profound criticism of labor alienation in capitalist society but also a positive exploration of reconstruction of labor relations in future social forms. In the context of the digital economy, the rapid development of digital and intelligent technologies has profoundly changed traditional forms of labor and labor relations, and labor subjects seem to have favorable conditions for labor liberation. However, capital exploitation hidden behind the digital economy has also shackled the liberation of labor subjects profoundly. The new escalation of labor alienation and issues such as power imbalance caused by capital exploitation have triggered a series of paradoxes about the liberation of labor subjects in the context of the digital economy. While the digital economy brings opportunities for the liberation of labor subjects, it also exposes workers to the dilemma of losing their subjectivity and intensifying alienation. The reasons for the formation of the paradox of labor subject liberation can be attributed to four aspects: firstly, the private ownership system and traditional forms of division of labor still dominate; secondly, workers are gradually marginalized under the intensification of capital domination; thirdly, social equity and justice are facing challenges from the digital divide; fourthly, the imperfection of relevant policies and laws has led to the inability to guarantee the basic rights and interests of workers. In order to seek the liberation of labor subjects in the context of the digital economy, it is necessary to improve the literacy of workers to meet the development needs of New Quality Productive Forces, create fair and orderly principles and institutional norms for digital labor to safeguard labor justice, adhere to the people-centered value orientation and break the shackles of capital logic, and deepen the reform in the field of division of labor and construct a modern division of labor order that is compatible with the level of social and economic development. These paths are interrelated and mutually reinforcing, collectively constituting an effective path to break through the paradox of labor subject liberation in the context of the digital economy. They provide multidimensional solutions to reveal the complex relationship between technological progress and labor subject liberation.

The Law of the People's Republic of China on Specialized Farmers Cooperatives (hereinafter referred to as the Law) is rich in empowerment ideas. Significant achievements have been made in the study of cooperative empowerment across various disciplines such as economics, sociology, political science, and management. However, legal research has not adequately addressed the legal empowerment of cooperatives and their members based on ontology empowerment of the Law, and there is still room for further research. Legal empowerment is precisely the fundamental empowerment of cooperatives and their members, and an in-depth analysis of this empowerment is conducive to highlighting the profound theoretical and practical background and long-term objectives. Based on ontology empowerment norms of the Law, starting from the principle that the law is a social habit and ideological achievement, this paper integrates the concepts of empowerment, the endogenous power of specialized farmers cooperatives and their members, and rural revitalization. The research results indicate that there is a closed-loop mechanism among empowerment, endogenous power, and rural revitalization. The five types of empowerment in the Law embody the important ideas of ontology empowerment of the Law. The essence and characteristics of ontology empowerment are reflected in the following aspects: for enhanced endogenous power, the empowerment of legal attributes to cooperatives serves as the foundation, the empowerment of cooperatives through policies are driving forces, the empowerment in cooperative markets is crucial, the empowerment of cooperative organizations is the guarantee, and the empowerment of cooperative members forms the basis. The closed-loop operation mechanism and five types of empowerment bring new perspectives and results to the study of empowerment of the Law. The five types of empowerment, endogenous power, and rural revitalization in the Law form a closed-loop empowerment pattern under the promotion of theoretical and practical logical forces, revealing the inherent mechanism of linkage between empowerment and endogenous power as well as rural revitalization, and the feasibility of forming a closed-loop framework for enhancing endogenous power and achieving rural revitalization through empowerment. The law is the core and cornerstone in supporting the development of cooperative system. The legal empowerment of cooperatives will be continuously optimized and refined in accordance with the evolving goals of rural revitalization and their future upgrades. As cooperatives continue to encounter new problems in their ongoing development, these problems will become new topics for the evolution of cooperative empowerment ideas. Analyzing new topics will be more helpful in improving the ontology empowerment concept of the Law and advancing rural revitalization across the board.

From the perspective of a holistic approach to national security, the prevention and control of the invasion of alien species not only hold traditional values such as safeguarding agricultural and pastoral production security, economic and trade security, food security, and human health and safety, but also embodies the value of the times in ensuring biosecurity and enhancing national security capabilities and sustainability in the biological field. China′s inspection and quarantine system for the entry and exit of animals and plants, initially established to prevent the introduction of pests and diseases, has progressively developed into a relatively comprehensive legal framework for biosecurity assurance guided by the risk prevention principle of the Biosecurity Law. However, in terms of the legal regulation nowadays of the prevention and control of the invasion of alien species, several critical issues remain unresolved, such as the ambiguous basic concepts, the lack of standards for the identification of regulatory objects, the incomplete implementation of the risk prevention principle, the fragmented regulatory measures, and the regulatory blind spots, etc., making it difficult to fully ensure biosecurity and national security. From the perspective of a holistic approach to national security, it is necessary to take the compilation of the overarching Ecological Environment Code for the ecological and environmental sector as an good opportunity to systematically consider by placing the prevention and control of the invasion of alien species within a broader context of the modernization of harmony between humanity and nature. This legislative effort should clarify the legal definition of the invasion of alien species, establish a whole-process legal supervision system for risk prevention and damage prevention separately based on risk levels according to “general alien species” and “invasive alien species”, construct an interconnected, interactive, and integrated prevention and control system under the whole-process prevention and control principle characterized by internal coordination among administrative agencies, and collaborative participation from diverse social stakeholders, and encourage public participation in the prevention and control of the invasion of alien species.

Since the mid-20th century, economic, social, and environmental problems have intertwined under the logic of capital. Among them, ecological crisis and consumption alienation profoundly reflect the organic interaction among capital, nature, and society, which deeply reflect the dual alienation of nature and society in modern capitalist society as well as the internal unity of human alienation and world alienation. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to re-examine the complex interaction between ecological crisis and consumption alienation from the critical context of Marxist political economy. Taking Aristotle′s Four Causes theory as an analytical framework, this paper analyzes the homogeneity of ecological crisis and consumption alienation in terms of material, formal, efficient, and final causes. By revealing the deep-seated reasons, action mechanisms, and governance dilemmas of the metabolic rift between man and nature under the logic of capital, it further expounds on the importance and urgency of constructing a community of life for man and nature. This paper shows that in the social-ecological system of capitalism, the homogeneity of ecological crisis and consumption alienation is manifested in the following aspects: in terms of the material cause, both man and nature have become the factors of production of capitalism involved in capital accumulation and value proliferation, which serve as the basis of their homogeneity; its efficient cause is jointly shaped by the accelerated operation of production and consumption treadmill driven by the logic of capital; its final cause lies in the misplacement of ecological values and the deviation of consumption meanings under the dual control of man and nature in capitalist society; in the aspect of formal cause, it is manifested in the metabolic rift between man and nature, that is, the irreparable rifts between men and between man and the external world, which is the final result of the homogeneity of the two. It has been proved that the conflict between man and nature and the contradiction between production and consumption ultimately stem from the opposition and contradiction among humans, all of which are rooted in the capitalist system. However, capitalism cannot fundamentally extricate itself from the dual dilemma of ecological crisis and consumption alienation. In this case, reshaping a better human ecological civilization in a socialist ecological civilization that emphasizes ecological justice and sustainable social development has become the right and necessary way to build a community of life for man and nature and to achieve the dual liberation of man and nature.

Since the implementation of publicity institution of judgement documents for more than ten years, the court′s judgement documents have gradually changed from closed to open and made great progress. From the external perspective, the publicity of judgement documents effectively guarantees the public′s right to know and right to supervise, and plays an incomparably positive role in unifying judgment standards, regulating judicial behaviors, assisting the construction of social credit system, enhancing the credibility of judiciary, and promoting legal education and research. However, from the internal perspective, the court faces some problems in the publicity of judgment documents, such as the damage to judicial authority, the increased judicial costs, the conflict with protection of privacy, and the increased risk of negative public opinion. The difference of internal and external perspectives provokes the debates on how to promote and improve the publicity institution of judgment documents, whose essence is the conflict between “costs and benefits” of publicity of judgement documents, especially the insufficient allocation of judicial resources becomes the Achilles′ Heel of publicity of judgment documents. In order to achieve the goal of lawful, comprehensive, timely and standardized publicity of judgement documents, it should be started from two aspects of transferring costs and reducing costs. It is not only necessary to clarify the responsibility for the publicity of judgement documents, but also to expand the technical embedding space for publicity of judgement document, enhance the judicial capacity to handle disputes, establish a unified publicity mode for dedicated personnel, and establish rules and regulations for the utilization of judgement documents, so as to make the publicity of judgement documents be carried out steadily and farther by improving judicial resource support.

“Chinese modernization” and “striving in unity” are iconic concepts emphasized in the report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC). Unlike the previously emphasized notions of “striving diligently” and “working tirelessly”, the report integrates striving in unity with the cause of national modernization and elevates it to the thematic height of the National Congress of the CPC, and highlights the significant value of the spirit of striving in unity. This paper aims to apply the principles of analysis and synthesis, as well as the unity of logic and history, to reveal the cultural imprint, valuable experience, scientific path, and grand practice of Chinese modernization endeavors from the perspective of striving in unity. Striving in unity is historical experience formed through the CPC′s century-long journey of endeavors and is an essential element of adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times in the new era. It provides indispensable ideological guarantees and spiritual motivation for addressing various practical challenges on the journey ahead and for advancing the great cause of Chinese modernization. In the process of the CPC leading the Chinese people of all ethnic groups in a concerted effort to build China into a modern socialist country in all respects and to advance the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation on all fronts, striving in unity has demonstrated its success-promoting functions through cultural accumulation, experiential summarization, theoretical guidance, and methodological generalization. These functions form a comprehensive system with a clear theme, well-defined main line, firm argumentation, and standardized principles. This system answers critical questions about the profound cultural foundation, rich experience, rigorous theories, and robust development of Chinese modernization. Researching Chinese modernization from the perspective of striving in unity breaks through traditional, singular research paradigms. It offers a holistic and stratified analysis of striving in unity and Chinese modernization from both micro and macro dimensions, revealing the theoretical and practical significance of integrating striving in unity into the cause of Chinese modernization. In the face of profound changes in the global, national, and Party contexts in the new era, exploring Chinese modernization endeavors within the framework of striving in unity unveils broader theoretical and contemporary significance. This proposition not only summarizes historical experience but also addresses current practical needs, contributing to carrying out the spirit of striving in unity and the development of Chinese modernization on the new journey ahead. It is further conducive to amassing tremendous strength for creating a bright future for the Chinese nation and achieving its great rejuvenation.

The integration of digital technology into grassroots governance has become a new trend in modernizing the capacity for governance. The construction of digital villages in China still faces numerous challenges. The decline of farmers′ subjectivity has affected the level, quality, and effectiveness of digital technology governance in rural areas, which is a practical issue that urgently needs to be addressed in the new development stage. Subjectivity is a prominent feature of modernity, which can be understood as the characteristics of autonomy, agency, self-action, and creativity that humans exhibit in practice activities. Farmer′s subjectivity refers to an attribute that farmers can correctly recognize their status and role, and consciously, purposefully, and actively participate in practical and creative activities based on practical needs. It is an organic unity of independence, agency, autonomy, and creativity. In the process of allocating digital technology governance resources to rural areas, the decline of farmers′ subjectivity has become a practical obstacle hindering rural governance digitalization. The effectiveness of the digital transformation of rural technology governance depends not only on the degree of digital technology integration, but also on whether the deployment of these technologies meets the practical needs of farmers. The fulfillment of farmers′ subjective needs mainly relies on the effective utilization of supply mechanisms, participation mechanisms, operation mechanisms, and cultivation mechanisms. Improving farmers′ subjectivity from aspects such as stimulating farmers′ autonomous awareness, awakening farmers′ initiative potential, strengthening farmers′ self-action status, and mobilizing farmers′ creative vitality can highlight the subjective status of farmers in rural digital governance and truly achieve “effective governance” in rural areas. Rural governance digitalization is not a static goal or linear development, but a dynamic process of continuous improvement and optimization. To promote rural governance digitalization, rural society should be shifted from “following the example of superiors” to “linking up and down”, achieve internal and external synergy and coordination, and promote the effective manifestation of farmers′ subjectivity. This paper explores the manifestations of the decline of farmers′ subjectivity in the field of rural technology governance and its blocking factors, clarifies the logical relationship of the four aspects of farmers′ subjectivity in rural governance digitalization based on Marxist subjectivity theory, and discusses the paths for reshaping farmers′ subjectivity in the process of rural governance digitalization, providing a feasible approach for modernizing the capacity for rural grassroots governance.

In the New Era of artificial intelligence (AI) technology empowering education, this paper focuses on the mechanism innovation of enhancing the effectiveness of postgraduate training through AI technology from the perspective of the integration of industry, academia, and research. In response to the three structural contradictions of current technological detachment, data silos, and lagging evaluation, based on the four-dimensional theoretical framework of technology empowerment, management coordination, human-machine collaboration, and ecological evolution, a progressive closed-loop model of “tool breakthrough→resource coordination→evaluation innovation→system reconstruction” is constructed. Through a mixed research method, an empirical analysis is conducted on postgraduate training through the integration of industry, academia, and research at four typical enterprises, and shows that the inherent law of industry-academia-research collaboration is driven by the tripartite synergy of technological integration as the foundation, resource coordination as the wings, and institutional alignment as the axis, together propelling a leap in the effectiveness of capability transformation. The results indicate that the four-dimensional model systematically resolves the problems of delayed training responsiveness and inefficient innovation transformation through a tripartite mechanism of “technology embedding-resource connectivity-institutional guarantee”, providing a replicable new paradigm for postgraduate education in the AI era.

The reformation of generative artificial intelligence (AI) technology is reshaping social production modes while also triggering a profound crisis in the protection of the right to erasure. The existing legal framework and technical means are inadequate when dealing with the unique characteristics of generative AI, such as autonomous generation, iterative innovation, and technology integration. This inadequacy manifests in several ways of the difficulty in locating personal information, the paradox of erasure effectiveness, the ambiguous criteria for the erasure of personal information, the insufficient incentives for erasure obligations, and the ineffectiveness of the notice and consent rule. Personal information not only has the attribute of property interests, but also implies the attribute of personality rights, so it is necessary to pay more attention to the protection of the right to erasure in the context of widespread application of generative AI. Based on the data processing mechanism of generative AI, this paper constructs a data lifecycle governance framework: the data input phase involves establishing dual-consent rules and a data trust review mechanism to ensure the legality of personal information origins; during the model training phase, comprehensive implementation of risk assessment and tiered supervision strategies is required to mitigate data security risks; in the data output phase, it is essential to clarify the legal validity of technical erasure standards and address inconsistencies in legal regulations. While enhancing personal information protection in the digital era, this framework offers an operable institutional paradigm for balancing technological innovation and right protection.

Promoting the deep integration of the innovation chain, industrial chain, capital chain, and talent chain (“four chains”) is an important path for enhancing national industrial competitiveness and achieving high-quality economic development. Based on the panel data of 31 provincial-level regions in China (excluding Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan) from 2014 to 2023, an evaluation index system for the “four chains” in the manufacturing industry is constructed. The Critic-entropy weight method is used to determine the weights, and the coupling coordination degree model is employed to quantify their synergy level. Further, a spatial analysis framework is established, and the kernel density estimation, global Moran′s I index, LISA time path, and Theil index decomposition methods are successively adopted to conduct empirical research from the aspects of distribution dynamics, spatial correlation, agglomeration stability, and sources of differences. The results show that from 2014 to 2023, the coupling coordination degree of the “four chains” presented a spatial pattern of “high in the southeast and low in the northwest”, with the national average shifting from fluctuation to stability. Low-value provincial-level regions accelerated their catch-up, while high-value provincial-level regions saw a slowdown in growth. The kernel density map displayed the characteristics of “wider bandwidth, lower main peak, and rightward shift of the tail”, indicating a slow expansion of regional differences. Spatial correlation was significant, showing an agglomeration pattern of “high-high” and “low-low” adjacency. The Theil index analysis indicated that the overall difference gradually increased to 0.025, with intra-group differences still dominant but the contribution rate declined during the periods of 2015—2016; inter-group differences continued to increase, with the contribution of the North China regions decreasing, while that of the South China and Southwest China regions increasing, becoming the primary source of regional differences. This paper, by integrating the analysis chain of “spatial distribution-correlation stability-sources of differences”, reveals the spatiotemporal evolution mechanism of the “four chains” integration, providing empirical evidence and policy references for optimizing regional industrial layout and resource allocation.

The Global Development Initiative is a vivid embodiment and important practice of the vision of building a community with a shared future for mankind in the field of global development, charting a clear course for advancing global development causes and international development cooperation. The Global Development Initiative adheres to “six core principles” and has rich connotations. Development represents the fundamental path to creating social wealth and driving social progress, while improving people′s well-being serves as the fundamental starting point and ultimate goal of development. The Global Development Initiative calls on the international community to pay closer attention to development issues, strengthen communication, coordination and practical cooperation, and continuously enhance the well-being of people in all countries. Aiming at current challenges such as the widening North-South development divide, insufficient momentum for global economic growth, and worsening environmental pollution, the Global Development Initiative emphasizes that all countries should enjoy equal access to development opportunities. It advocates strengthening innovation-driven development, stimulating economic growth vitality through scientific and technological innovation, and correctly handling the relationship between economic and social development and ecological environmental protection to promote the harmony between humanity and nature. Adhering to a results-oriented action approach, the Global Development Initiative proposes key cooperation areas, including poverty reduction, food security, development financing, and the digital economy, focusing on addressing the most pressing challenges faced by developing countries. As an open and inclusive global development governance proposal put forward by China, the Global Development Initiative is not only an inevitable choice to address the global development deficit and promote common development among all countries, but also an effective pathway to advance the implementation of 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development of the United Nations. Furthermore, it is an important international public good that embodies China′s development experience and wisdom, and meets the needs of global development under the new circumstances. Since the Global Development Initiative was proposed, China has continuously strengthened policy communication with relevant parties, established cooperation mechanisms, launched practical cooperation by addressing the most urgent current issues, and promoted the initiative to achieve positive progress. In the future, China should continue to strengthen mechanism construction, coordinate the Global Development Initiative, the Belt and Road Initiative, and the Global Security Initiative, enhance cooperation with the United Nations and its agencies, promote the solidarity and cooperation of the Global South, and increase the assistance to developing countries, so as to add more substance to the Global Development Initiative.

The Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China has coordinated the deployment of industrial clusters in the low-altitude economy as a strategic emerging field and the construction of a nationally integrated computing power network, establishing the strategic positioning of the low-altitude economy as a typical representative of New Quality Productive Forces. However, its industrial practice remains constrained by structural limitations such as physical space congestion, rigid operational marginal costs, and lagging safety governance. This paper regards computing infrastructure as a key driver determining industrial production boundaries and resource allocation efficiency, systematically examining its empowerment mechanisms and implementation pathways. Computing infrastructure fundamentally transforms the growth logic of the low-altitude economy through digital capital deepening and institutional reshaping effects. It drives a leap in research and development paradigms from physical trial-and-error to virtual iteration, promotes the transformation of resource allocation from static directives to dynamic game equilibrium, and reshapes agile governance models based on algorithmic contracts. In response to existing practical constraints, including supply-demand mismatches in spatial layout, efficiency bottlenecks of the storage-computation separation architecture, and asymmetric dependency within the industrial chain, this paper further proposes pathways such as constructing a gradient spatial layout for computing power, advancing the development of integrated communication-sensing-computing networks, and improving mechanisms for data assetization and patient capital incentives. These proposals aim to provide theoretical support and policy references for the high-quality development of the low-altitude economy.

Authorized operation of public data, as a crucial means of unlocking the value of public data as a factor of production, has been explored and practiced in various regions across China. However, due to variations in model compatibility and regional suitability, the implementation outcomes have been inconsistent. This paper conducts an in-depth analysis of 27 local regulations or policy texts. Based on clarifying the relevant concepts of authorized operation of public data, it summarizes three authorized operation models:unified authorization, hierarchical authorization, and scenario-specific authorization. By establishing a three-level evaluation framework and quantitatively analyzing the implementation practices in 13 representative regions, this paper examines the advantages and disadvantages of each model and reveals that the scenario-specific authorization model currently represents the optimal solution. Accordingly, this paper proposes improving the scenario-specific authorization model by refining access mechanisms and implementing full-process supervision involving multiple stakeholders, promoting the comprehensive application of authorized operation models tailored to local conditions, and strengthening innovative development of these models based on existing practices, aiming to provide theoretical support and practical references for the effective promotion of authorized operation models of public data nationwide and further activating the potential of data factors.

The cultivation of elite engineers is currently a focal point of postgraduate education reform. Synergy theory, serving as an important theoretical support for promoting the efficient linkage of system elements, provides key insights into addressing the practical challenges in cultivating outstanding engineers in local universities. This paper, based on the core tenets and logical pathways of synergy theory, analyzes the practical dilemmas in the cultivation of engineering postgraduates at local universities. Taking Shenyang University of Technology as an example, it focuses on discussing how the university, guided by synergy theory, centers on five dimensions of enrollment model, cultivation program, cultivation mode, supervisor team, and classified evaluation, through goal synergy, resource synergy, process synergy, project synergy, and evaluation synergy, to forms a deeply integrated, whole-process cultivation system characterized by joint participation, joint management, sharing, and joint research between the university and enterprises, which solidly advancing the reform of elite engineers cultivation and achieving significant breakthroughs in educational practices. The systematic solution proposed in this paper can offer references for local universities to improve the categorized system of postgraduate education and optimize the cultivation path of elite engineers based on synergy theory.

Facing the challenges of large-scale heterogeneous collaboration and communication constraints in ground-to-air defense systems under strong adversarial environments, this paper proposes a hierarchical distributed cooperative mission planning framework. In the pre-combat stage, a distributed asynchronous multi-round auction (DAMA) algorithm based on a block information sharing strategy is designed. Through a virtual node negotiation mechanism, it breaks through the resource allocation bottleneck under partially connected communication topologies, reducing communication overhead by approximately 38％ while ensuring global consistency in allocation. During the combat stage, an improved multi-agent deep deterministic policy gradient (IM-MADDPG) decision model integrating a multi-head attention mechanism and asynchronous experience update is constructed. This model enhances the relational modeling capability of local neighborhood features and effectively alleviates the oscillation problem in policy learning under complex game environments. Simulation results show that the proposed method achieves a static mission completion rate of 96.8％±1.2％, and the dynamic interception success rate and asset survival rate increase to 89.6％±1.5％ and 91.2％±1.3％, respectively. It realizes closed-loop optimization from resource pre-positioning to real-time gaming, providing theoretical support for the construction of intelligent defense systems in communication-constrained environments.

Digital twin technology, as a key technology to break through the core bottleneck of interaction and integration between the physical and information worlds in manufacturing, is an important means to achieve intelligent manufacturing. To deeply explore the influencing factors of digital twin technology adoption in manufacturing enterprises and reveal its internal mechanism and driving logic, a four-dimensional index system of technology, organization, environment, and economy is constructed based on literature analysis and expert interviews. The DEMATEL-ISM method is adopted to systematically analyze the causal relationship and hierarchical structure of the influencing factors, and ultimately 16 main influencing factors are identified. These factors are distributed in the four quadrants of the causal relationship coordinate, forming an 8-level hierarchical explanation structure model. The research results show that government incentive policies, data security and privacy protection, and digital twin maturity exhibit the highest influence degree and are the root factors of the system; industrial chain collaboration and cooperation and application benefits demonstrate the highest centrality, while intelligent infrastructure represents the lowest-level root factor. Factors in the technological and economic dimensions constitute the main influencing paths, while factors in the environmental dimension connect and act on the main paths, ultimately affecting the surface-level organizational dimension factors. Specifically, intelligent infrastructure, data security and privacy protection, and digital twin maturity, three factors in the technological dimension, are the key factors driving manufacturing enterprises to adopt digital twin technology. At the same time, government incentive policies, application benefits, and industrial chain collaboration and cooperation in the environmental, organizational, and economic dimensions play an important role in the decision-making process. Based on this, targeted suggestions are put forward, aiming to provide strong theoretical support and practical guidance for the digital transformation and intelligent upgrading of the manufacturing industry.

The courage to engage in self-reform is the most distinctive characteristic of the Communist Party of China (CPC), which has been embodied in and permeated different historical periods of the Party. Therefore, it is necessary to review and sort out the development of the Party′s self-reform from a historical perspective. From 1949 to 1966, the CPC transformed itself from a revolutionary party that smashed the old regime into a ruling party that built a new world, realizing a double transformation in identity and the focus of work. In order to accomplish this transformation well, the CPC has always strengthened its self-construction by means of self-reform. Specifically, during the period of national economic recovery from 1949 to 1952, the CPC promoted self-reform and consolidated the newly established regime by setting up a leading organization for preventing and punishing corruption and carrying out centralized educational activities. During the period of socialist transformation from 1953 to 1956, the CPC adhered to self-reform and led the “Three Socialist Transformations” by promoting the professionalization and refinement of the management of Party officials, exploring the establishment of a systematic restraint mechanism, and perfecting disciplinary inspection and supervision. During the period of comprehensive socialist construction from 1956 to 1966, the CPC promoted self-reform and socialist construction by exploring new paths, forming new understandings, carrying out a rectification movement, and punishing corruption in the economic field. By looking back at the exploration course of the CPC′s self-reform from 1949 to 1966 and summarizing its historical experience, several important insights can be drawn. To promote the Party′s self-reform, it is necessary to improve the system of institutional norms by system construction, continuously promote the anti-corruption struggle with a zero-tolerance attitude, constantly enhance the ideological, political, and action consciousness of the self-reform, so as to promote the normalization, long-term effectiveness and standardization of self-reform.

The low-altitude economy epitomizes New Quality Productive Forces and serves as a key component of strategic emerging industries, increasingly functioning as a new engine of economic growth. Its safe and sound development relies heavily on the construction of low-altitude infrastructure. In recent years, boosted by policy guidance and market demand, China has made tangible progress in developing low-altitude infrastructure, characterized by the coordinated advancement of physical and digital infrastructure. Through pilot and demonstration programs, some regions have pioneered initial models of commercial operation and multi-scenario application. This paper systematically reviews the current situation of low-altitude infrastructure development, conducts an in-depth analysis of its core challenges, and innovatively proposes a three-dimensional collaborative classification framework based on function, hierarchy, and object, deepening the understanding of the institutional architecture of low-altitude infrastructure and more comprehensively clarifying its core connotations and operational logic. This paper reveals that, despite initial achievements, China′s low-altitude infrastructure construction remains constrained by multiple factors, including inadequate top-level design, inconsistent standard systems, insufficient regional coordination, ambiguous division of roles between the government and the market, and the incompatibility between conventional airspace management and low-altitude economy development. Based on an in-depth analysis of the problems, this paper proposes a series of countermeasures: improving laws, regulations, and strategic planning; establishing an integrated standard system; adopting differentiated regional development strategies; optimizing government-market coordination mechanisms; and reforming and innovating airspace management. These efforts aim to provide theoretical support for strengthening the “aerial foundation” of the low-altitude economy, unlocking its trillion-yuan market potential, and promoting its large-scale development nationwide. This paper recommends that future priorities be directed toward advancing intelligent upgrades, fostering multi-scenario integration, and optimizing dynamic operations, while leveraging international experience to chart a path for the high-quality development of China′s low-altitude economy.

The low-altitude economy epitomizes New Quality Productive Forces and constitutes a prioritized strategic emerging industry in China, demonstrating immense growth potential in advancing high-quality economic development. However, a significant structural tension exists between its productive attribute of cross-regional mobility and the traditional boundaries of territorial administrative jurisdiction. From the macro perspective of building a unified national market, this paper establishes an analytical framework interconnecting administrative logic, transaction costs, and market fragmentation, and deeply analyzes current developmental challenges facing the low-altitude economy, including the fragmentation of airspace regulations, the disparities in regulatory systems and deficiencies in the rule of law, the technological isolation and insufficient provision of infrastructure, and the implicit barriers to factor mobility. This paper finds that local protectionism, rooted in the logic of territorial resource allocation, significantly inflates institutional transaction costs for market entities and obstructs the network externalities and economies of scale effects within the industry. This model not only results in severe efficiency losses, but also triggers asset impairment pressure and industrial involution due to inconsistent standards. Furthermore, the large-scale development of the low-altitude economy relies heavily on unified rules and the free flow of factors, whereas the ambiguous definition of property rights and the divergence in regulatory systems within the current management regime have become core obstacles restricting its high-quality development. The fundamental solution to this dilemma lies in promoting a transition of the governance paradigm from territorial fragmentation to collaborative governance. This paper proposes a collaborative governance framework encompassing vertical restructuring of powers and responsibilities, horizontal integrated regional development, and multifaceted market-based checks and balances. By correcting institutional distortions and restoring market mechanisms, it provides theoretical support and implementation pathways for breaking market fragmentation and building a unified national market for the low-altitude economy characterized by unified rules and orderly competition.

Product failure usually triggers negative consumer responses, and how to effectively manage such negative responses has become a critical managerial challenge for firms. With growing global attention to environmental issues, green and low-carbon lifestyles have been integrated into public consciousness, and green products have been gradually the focus. It is worthwhile to explore and analyze whether green products can gain greater consumer tolerance and thereby mitigate negative word-of-mouth (NWOM) transmission following product failure. Based on attribute centrality theory, this paper conducts three scenario-based experiments to investigate the impact of green product failure on consumer NWOM transmission. The results show that compared with conventional product failure, green product failure better inhibits consumer NWOM transmission. In the context of severe failure, products with high green attribute centrality exert a stronger weakening effect on consumer NWOM transmission than those with low green attribute centrality and conventional products. In addition, altruistic motivation plays a partial mediating role between product failure and NWOM transmission, while environmental responsibility serves as a moderated mediator in the relationships among product failure, altruistic motivation, and NWOM transmission. Consumers demonstrate greater tolerance toward green product failure. Accordingly, firms can leverage this psychological and behavioral characteristic to address the difficulties in customer relationship management caused by product failure by endowing products with green attributes, increasing research, development efforts, and cultivating consumers′ green awareness. From the perspective of green products, this paper enriches research on consumers′ post-purchase behavior after green product failure, and provides new directions for firms to optimize customer relationship management.