中国国家监察制度经历了七十年的发展历程,从建国前的华北人民监察院(1948—1949年)肇始,至建国初期的人民监察委员会(1949—1954年),再到“五四宪法”颁行后的监察部(1954—1959年),中经行政监察制度的重建和探索(1986—2017年),最终经过2016年迄今的监察制度改革形成了新的监察委员会制度。中国国家监察制度的发展围绕人民性、独立性、实效性等核心命题,解决在社会主义国家如何通过制度建构实现廉能统一,在保持国家能力的前提下对公权力形成有效约束之问题,走出一条中国特色社会主义的反腐之路。

Grounded theory is one of the most widely used methods in qualitative research, which is also one of the most misunderstood methods by researchers. On the basis of literature review, the origin of grounded theory is systematically discussed, the development schools of grounded theory and the similarities and differences among the three versions are introduced. Examples are given to illustrate the research and application of domestic and foreign researchers in the fields of education, psychology and sociology, in order to help researchers understand the essence and connotation of grounded theory. On the basis of correctly mastering the research methods and processes of grounded theory, the current situation and development goals in China are combined, the applicability and practicality of the research on grounded theory are improved further.

The motivation and causes of economic growth in China are analyzed in detail by applying AD-AS model, which finds that there are two kinds of motivations and causes of aggregate demand and aggregate supply that maintain long-term rapid economic growth in China. From aspect of demand, the growth of investment, government procurement expenditure, net export and money supply improve the level of aggregate demand, which pulls economic growth. From aspect of supply, the increase of population and the supply; the transfer of labour force from the primary industry to the secondary and the tertiary industries does not reduce the output of the primary industry, however, it improves the production capacity of the secondary and the tertiary industries greatly; the development of technological level improves the marginal output capacity of factors and perfects the production function; and the continuous deepening economic reform releases huge economic vitality and arouses infinite potential of production. These factors compose the resultant force of increasing effective supply together, which promotes economic growth. Supply factor is the characteristic factor of maintaining long-term rapid economic growth in China, and it is the special factor distinguished from many developed countries. Conclusion is drawn at last that it is completely possible for China to maintain rapid economic growth for a longer period of time in the future.

Culture and communication are interdependent and inseparable. In cultural research, American anthropologist Hall proposed that culture has the character of context, and divided it into high-context and low-context cultures. Different cultural contexts influence the thinking and behavior of people. And the difference of context culture is the important reason that caused misunderstanding and failure in cross-cultural communication. The origin of high-context and low-context cultures is explored, the differences between them are compared, in order to avoid misunderstanding and conflict and benefit successful cross-cultural communication.

Attribution theory is a kind of psychological theory, which concerns how people explain the behavior of their own or others and how this kind of explanation affects the emotion, motivation and behavior of people. This article bases on the dimension of psychology, redefines and surveys managerial decision from a particular perspective of attribution bias. If decision makers can make rational and objective attribution judgement concerning the possible happenings and their results, the objectivity and reliability of decisions can be improved during managerial decisions.

Environmental protection concerns human future and destiny directly, and affects the survival and development of each country, region, family, and man. In recent years, through active advocating and continuous efforts of international society, many western countries have made environmental protection their strategic consideration of national economic and social development. They have made strong environmental protection laws, policies and measures according to the actual situation of their countries to ensure the sustainable development of society. Combining with the Outlook on Scientific Development, the evolution courses of environmental protection laws in western countries are analyzed and summarized. It also points out that the ultimate value of environmental protection law is peopleoriented, and analyzes the developing trends of it.

Death is the final destination of one’s life. A funeral is the last memorial ceremony of life and conveys the expectation of surpassing death. There are remarkable differences in Chinese and Western traditional funeral customs in terms of organizers and procedures, location and construction of graves, funeral tunes and funeral goods, etc., which reflect the vast difference of Chinese and western cultures. Influenced by urbanization and spreading of western culture in China, modern funeral ceremonies in China tend to be procedure-fixed and culture-mixed. In this multi-cultural age, China should inherit and carry forward its brilliant traditional culture, as well as getting rid of feudalistic superstition, so that it can play a leading role in culture.

As a forward-looking new type of cross-border trade pattern, electronic commerce of cross-border trade has just started in China, which will become the development trend of foreign trade in China. In 2012, five cities were listed as experimental units of electronic commerce of cross-border trade in China, in order to explore and attempt the new type of trade method. It acquires initial progress, but some constraining factors still exist in aspects of customs clearance efficiency, logistics, electronic payment and drawback, etc. Based on analyzing the origin of problems above, the countermeasures of promoting healthy development of electronic commerce of cross-border trade in China are discussed in order to provide reference for the further development of commerce of cross-border trade in China.

Public service motivation(PSM)is an important concept in the field of public administration, which attracts increasing related researches in the past decade. Many scholars have conducted a lot of researches around the definition, content, influencing factors, and measuring method of PSM. In order to promote the systematization of literature research on PSM, 196 pieces of English literature are reviewed. Methods of bibliometrics and social network analysis(SNA)are applied. The influence of variables of personal characteristics, position features and job environment, etc. are studied on PSM and how PSM influencing job satisfaction degree, organizational performance and organizational commitment. The research finds that bigger differences still exist in the research conclusion of relationship between PSM and related variables, and the developing trend and referencing significance are discussed for the research of Chinese scholars of PSM.

As the gems of cultural classics of the world, myths and legends have always been respected and spread by the people, no matter in China or western countries. Hero is an indispensable part of myths and legends. There are obvious differences between the hero images in Chinese myths and legends, and western myths and legends represented by ancient Greek. It reflects the differences of cultural concepts between China and western countries. Hero images with respective characteristics in Chinese and western myths and legends are shaped by the factors of geographical origin, value concept, aesthetic awareness, etc., and different value concepts are borne by the heroes. To compare the images of heroes in Chinese and western myths and legends will benefit the inheritance and development of noble hero spirits, such as yearning for freedom, pursuing truth, goodness and beauty, and praising virtue and punishing vice, etc., which are eulogized in myths and legends. With the current economic globalization and integration, it benefits the understanding and communication between the East and the West, and the construction of a harmonious and inclusive world to explore the psychological and cultural factors of forming images of heroes in Chinese and western myths and legends on deeper level.

In order to measure the default probability of listed companies in China, the data of non-ST listed companies and STlisted companies in the A share market of China are selected as sample based on KMV model framework. The implied volatility of share price of listed companies is calculated by applying GARCH method, and the theoretical value of dynamic default distance and default probability are acquired with the option pricing formula. Conclusion is drawn that international financial crisis has significant influence on the credit risk of listed companies in China through empirical test of calculating result and theoretical hypothesis, and that the theoretical hypothesis of KMV model dos not accord with the actual situation in China on some aspects. The direction of further research is proposed at last.

It is of very important theoretic value and practical significance in cross-cultural intercommunion knowing and mastering the orienting function of differences between Chinese and western social value systems and corresponding rules, thereby to solve and avoid the cultural conflicts and blocks, and to enhance the actual skills of crosscultural intercommunion. Through comparative analysis of the concrete representations of differences between Chinese and western social culture in cross-cultural intercommunion, three different characteristics are summurized in communication principle and mode, communication timing orientation and detailed communication form. It is pointed out that on the standpoint of tolerance and identification to culture differences, the modern value of Chinese traditional culture should be explored, and the beneficial element of western culture should be absorbed, so as to realize the au pair dialogue and intercommunion between Chinese and western cultures.

Face is an universal social and cultural phenomenon. The face politeness theories of Penelope Brown and Stephen C. Levinson are introduced, and the differences of maintaining face between China and Western countries are illustrated: Chinese culture tends to maintain the positive face, while Western culture pay more attention to the negative face of communicators. The oringin of difference of Chinese and Western face concepts is analyzed from perspectives of history and value system: Chinese face concept is rooted in collectivism and Confucius culture, while Western face concept is deeply influenced by individualism values and contract spirit. Nowadays, along with the increasingly development of cross-cultural communication, misunderstanding and conflict caused by cultural difference should be tried to avoid, in order to gurantee cross-cultural communication to run smoothly.

The diet culture is a miniature of social activities, which represents the concept of social intercourse of people. To understand the diet difference is conducive to furthering the respective characteristics and promoting the assimilation of the Chinese and Western diet cultures, and is directive for promoting the development of tourism industry in China. From the perspective of diet culture, the cultural connotation and social extension of it are explored from three aspects, namely, the differences of diet concept, diet content and diet manner between China and Western countries.

The “Decisions of a Number of Significant Issues of CPC Central Committee on Strengthening and Improving Party Construction under New Situation” passed by the 4th Plenary Session of 17th Congress of the Party points out that the Party will “persist in and perfect democratic centralism, develop intra-Party democracy actively; ensure the subject position and democratic rights of Party members; focus on implementing the rights of being informed, participating, voting and supervising of Party members, further improve the participation degree of Party members in intra-Party affairs, exert the subject function of Party members in intra-Party activities; promote the openness of Party affairs, perfect the notification system of intra-Party affairs, publicize intra-Party information timely, and smooth the channels of intra-Party information exchange between superior and inferior organizations.” To implement and fulfill these spirits, the fundamental principles of intra-Party democracy are needed to be understood and comprehended profoundly, which includes principles of equality, majority rule and protecting minority, openness and free discussion, election, democratic centralism, and supervision and discipline.

The equipment manufacturing industry plays an important strategic role in the development of the national economy and regional economy. Based on the analysis of the advantages and drawbacks of equipment manufacturing industry in Liaoning Province, the strategic positioning for its development is defined, which is upgrading and coordinating. The upgrading approaches of equipment manufacturing industry in Liaoning Province are pointed out from the aspects of technology and product, manufacturing system and enterprise, equipment manufacturing base, elevation of industrial chain, and development potential, etc. The solutions of coordinated development of equipment manufacturing industry are proposed in terms of producer services, resource and environment, and management system and policy support, etc.

On cultivation of people, the Chinese culture has had a complete set of series from ancient times till now. Namely, the diligent study is the guarantee of cultivation of people, the virtue cultivation is the foundation of cultivation of people, the bright discernment is the sense of wisdom of cultivation of people, and the sincere honesty is the standard of cultivation of people. The four aspects are not only interdependent, but also in order and sequence with one another, and have their own independent and rich spiritual implications. It is propitious to understand the traditional culture, and it is of great historical and epochal significance better practice the core values of socialism.

Rooted in respective different cultural tradition, the family value concepts of China and USA show differences in various aspects as value yardstick of behavior and evaluation standard of people in the two countries. As the magnum opus of the second generation Chinese American writer, the Joy Luck Club serves as a perfect sample to discuss the family value concepts of China and USA. Obvious differences can be found on the concept and status of family, the concept of marriage, and the concept of family education. The deep reason of differences of family value concepts of the two countries is examined by applying human holistic view of history, so as to deepen the understanding and increase the communication between these two countries to construct a more harmonious world.

Time orientation is one of the key ingredients of non-verbal communication. Great differences exist in time orientation between China and Western countries, which easily lead to misunderstanding and conflict during cross-cultural communication. Based on monochromic time and polychromic time theories of Edward Twitchell Hall and time orientation theory of Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck, the differences of time orientation between China and Western countries are analyzed and compared, so as to avoid the misunderstanding and failure during communication, and successfully achieve cross-cultural communication.

How to define the definition of patriotism has always been an issue in the academic circles. After the implementation of <i>The Implementation Plan of the Opinions on Further Strengthening and Improving Ideological and Political Theory Courses in Colleges and Universities</i> by the Ministry of Propaganda of CPC Central Committee and Ministry of Education, the definition of patriotism by Lenin is not used anymore in the textbook of <i>Ideological and Moral Cultivation and Legal Basis</i>, which is replaced by a new definition. To correctly understand patriotism is not only the inherent requirement of essence of patriotism, but also the premise of rational patriotism education. It is believed that rational patriotism should be advocated in socialist countries according to discussions from three perspectives, namely, the patriotism feelings of “non-mass”, the relationship between “motherland” and “state”, and the relationship between “rationalism” and “irrationalism” of patriotism.

The study is made to the problems and countermeasures of the export trade of agricultural products of Liaoning Province. Through the analysis of the current situation, the main problems of agricultural product export are summarized, such as the lower addedvalue of agricultural products, the increasingly stricter trade barriers to agricultural products, the lower safety of quality of agricultural products, the weaker competitiveness of agricultural products, and the stronger concentration of export markets of agricultural products. Countermeasures are proposed such as optimizing the commodity structure of agricultural products, promoting the standardization of agriculture, developing the organic agricultural products, strengthening the construction of export production bases, exploring diversified export markets, and reinforcing the service function to the export trade of agricultural products, so as to enlarge the export scale of agricultural products of Liaoning Province.

From the perspective of global value chain, the measurement and analysis of digital service trade between China and Japan can avoid the errors caused by repeated trade statistics, and can truly reflect the trade scale and competitiveness of the two countries in the new trade mode of digital service trade. The comparative analysis between China and Japan is made by selecting the data of World Input-Output Database 2016(WIOD 2016)and using the latest value-added decomposition method and value-added related measurement indicators. It is concluded that the growth rate, scale and participation in the global value chain of the digital service trade of China are higher than those of Japan, but the Japanese position in the global value chain is higher than that of China. Policy suggestions are proposed accordingly to improve the system and supervision, build an international statistical accounting system, and improve the industrial international competitiveness, etc.

The acceleration of economic globalization brings more frequent international communication, which has greater demand of talents of intercultural communication. The construction of assessment system of intercultural communication competence of Chinese college students can not only benefit the objective assessment of their intercultural communication competence, but also promote the cultivation of intercultural communication competence of them through its washback effect. Under the integration mode of theory and practice of intercultural communication competence, the framework of multimodal assessment mode of intercultural communication competence is constructed by applying multimodal theory. The assessment object is Chinese college students, the assessment media are computer and network, the assessment content includes knowledge, consciousness, critical thought, attitude, skills and strategy. According to the principle of consistency in teaching, learning and evaluation, the evaluating modal will be kept corresponding with the teaching modal, and will be determined on the basis of preliminary classification of teaching content and teaching method.

To construct the evaluation indicator system of sustainable development of rural tourism has important strategic significance of implementing the sustainable development strategy of rural tourism and promoting the new socialist countryside construction. Based on literature analysis, expert interview and questionnaire survey, the SPSS 13.0 is applied to analyze the data. The evaluation indicators of sustainable development of rural tourism are optimized. A set of evaluation indicator system with higher reliability and validity is constructed. The weights of each evaluation indicator are determined by applying analytic hierarchy process, so as to further improve the applicability of the evaluation indicator system.

Salt and Iron Meeting concerned the economic, political, social, cultural, military, and many other fields, and covered a lot of major issues of Chinese economic and cultural history. It is rich in content and of high research value. However, the wide discussing topics, scattered issues, weak system and partial vague words objectively resulted in the research difficulty of subsequent studies on Salt and Iron Meeting. Based on economic and political perspectives, the polemizing contents of Discourses on Salt and Iron are researched systematically, which indicates that the debate keystones of Salt and Iron Meeting are generally expanded around economic and political issues. The meeting covered all the specific issues that almost penetrated the entire history of Chinese feudal society, and produced widerange influences on descended economic, political and cultural paths. Salt and Iron Meeting was an important event with uttermost significance in Chinese history, drawing the consecution of the contents and main polemizing issues of it systematically will greatly benefit the full interpretation of the multiple issues in Western Han Dynasty society and even the whole Chinese feudal history.

中国经济正在进入一个新的发展阶段，现有的发展方式难以包容和应对已经或将要出现的矛盾与挑战，发展方式的转变势在必行。从以下角度对与经济发展方式转型相关的几个重要问题加以探讨：解决资源和环境约束压力的出路在于发展方式的转变和创新；在要素成本上升的背景下，赢得新的竞争优势必须加快自主创新；对区域发展差距，要更多地关注人均实际收入水平的变化；发展中的问题和矛盾只能通过进一步的更好发展来解决；改革开放仍然很重要，不能松懈，更不能动摇。

With the development of internet and appearance of the big data era, the enterprises have had the ability to master and handle huge amounts of data. Applying the big data as a new concept in the field of human resource management has brought great opportunities and challenges to enterprises. With big data as the background, through the analysis of the relationship between big data and human resource management, the four types of big data in human resource management are summarized into four types of data, i.e., basic data, ability data, efficiency data and potential data. An innovative mode of six modules is suggested in human resource management based on the big data, which is a reflection of the great value of big data in the better promotion of innovation in human resource management, and point out the direction of innovation of human resources management system. Precautions are proposed in the innovation to overcome the economic and security problems in the coupling of human resource management and big data.

With the rapid development of big data technology and intelligent manufacturing, the predictive maintenance of production equipment and the joint maintenance decision of multiple pieces of equipment have become a practical problem that has attracted much attention and needs to be solved by industrial manufacturing enterprises. The accurate prediction of the residual life of service equipment is the premise of predicting maintenance decision and joint maintenance decision. The current equipment life prediction methods are compared and analyzed. The hidden semi-Markov model is extended, and combined with Gamma distribution, the residual life prediction model G-AHSMM is constructed driven by equipment condition monitoring data. The model solution method is given, and verified and analyzed based on the condition monitoring data of a turbo-engine. The results show that the prediction model not only avoids the false assumption of “mutual independence between state observations”, but also has higher realistic fitting, simple solution and prediction accuracy than the traditional HSMM. It can be used as a effective tool for enterprises to predict the residual life of in-service equipment.

Group is the basic unit in company structure. It is an effective way of construct economical company to carry out group cost accounting continuously and permanently so as to promote energy saving and carbon dioxide emission reduction, reduce money expenditure and production cost. The functions of group cost accounting in the process of realize energy saving and consumption reducing, and income increasing and costsaving of chemical plants are discussed. Some practices of group cost accounting is introduced in Jilin Petrochemical Company of China National Petroleum Corporation. Combined with the reality of the company, some problems can not be ignored in group cost accounting are analyzed, and the emphases of it are confirmed.

Under the “double cycle” development pattern, the enterprises need to enhance the capacity of mass customization to promote the upgrading and transformation of production paradigm, so as to meet the challenges of increasingly differentiated and diversified consumers. Based on the dynamic capability theory, the functioning mechanism of dynamic capability improving mass customization capability and the regulation of novel business model design are explored. Through data analysis and hypothesis test of 277 questionnaires, the results show that information perception ability and reconstruction ability have a significant positive impact on dual innovation. The dual innovation has a significant positive impact on both product-oriented mass customization capability and service-oriented mass customization capability, and plays an intermediary role in the relationship between dynamic capability and mass customization capability. In addition, novel business model design plays a negative regulatory role in the relationship between information perception ability and dual innovation, and does not play a regulatory role in the relationship between reconstruction ability and dual innovation.